A native VirtualBox file format
Images for testing can be downloaded from
or you can convert images of other formats.
This page hosts a formal specification of VirtualBox Disk Image using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for Java generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Java runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The Java runtime library is published in the Maven Central Repository. Refer to the artifact page for instructions how to add it into your project with the build tool that you use.
Parse a local file and get structure in memory:
Vdi data = Vdi.fromFile("path/to/local/file.vdi");
Or parse structure from a byte array:
byte[] someArray = new byte[] { ... };
Vdi data = new Vdi(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(someArray));
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:
data.blocksMap() // => block_index = offset_in_virtual_disk / block_size actual_data_offset = blocks_map[block_index]*block_size+metadata_size+offset_in_block
The blocks_map will take up blocks_in_image_max * sizeof(uint32_t) bytes; since the blocks_map is read and written in a single operation, its size needs to be limited to INT_MAX; furthermore, when opening an image, the blocks_map size is rounded up to be aligned on BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE. Therefore this should satisfy the following: blocks_in_image_max * sizeof(uint32_t) + BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE == INT_MAX + 1 (INT_MAX + 1 is the first value not representable as an int) This guarantees that any value below or equal to the constant will, when multiplied by sizeof(uint32_t) and rounded up to a BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE boundary, still be below or equal to INT_MAX.
// This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
import io.kaitai.struct.ByteBufferKaitaiStream;
import io.kaitai.struct.KaitaiStruct;
import io.kaitai.struct.KaitaiStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* A native VirtualBox file format
*
* Images for testing can be downloaded from
*
* * <https://www.osboxes.org/virtualbox-images/>
* * <https://virtualboxes.org/images/>
*
* or you can convert images of other formats.
* @see <a href="https://github.com/qemu/qemu/blob/master/block/vdi.c">Source</a>
*/
public class Vdi extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Vdi fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Vdi(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public enum ImageType {
DYNAMIC(1),
STATIC(2),
UNDO(3),
DIFF(4);
private final long id;
ImageType(long id) { this.id = id; }
public long id() { return id; }
private static final Map<Long, ImageType> byId = new HashMap<Long, ImageType>(4);
static {
for (ImageType e : ImageType.values())
byId.put(e.id(), e);
}
public static ImageType byId(long id) { return byId.get(id); }
}
public Vdi(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Vdi(KaitaiStream _io, KaitaiStruct _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Vdi(KaitaiStream _io, KaitaiStruct _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root == null ? this : _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.header = new Header(this._io, this, _root);
}
public static class Header extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Header fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Header(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Header(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Header(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Header(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.text = new String(this._io.readBytes(64), Charset.forName("utf-8"));
this.signature = this._io.readBytes(4);
if (!(Arrays.equals(signature(), new byte[] { 127, 16, -38, -66 }))) {
throw new KaitaiStream.ValidationNotEqualError(new byte[] { 127, 16, -38, -66 }, signature(), _io(), "/types/header/seq/1");
}
this.version = new Version(this._io, this, _root);
if (subheaderSizeIsDynamic()) {
this.headerSizeOptional = this._io.readU4le();
}
this._raw_headerMain = this._io.readBytes(headerSize());
KaitaiStream _io__raw_headerMain = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_headerMain);
this.headerMain = new HeaderMain(_io__raw_headerMain, this, _root);
}
public static class Uuid extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Uuid fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Uuid(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Uuid(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Uuid(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Uuid(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.uuid = this._io.readBytes(16);
}
private byte[] uuid;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent;
public byte[] uuid() { return uuid; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class Version extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Version fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Version(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Version(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Version(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Version(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.major = this._io.readU2le();
this.minor = this._io.readU2le();
}
private int major;
private int minor;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Header _parent;
public int major() { return major; }
public int minor() { return minor; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Header _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class HeaderMain extends KaitaiStruct {
public static HeaderMain fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new HeaderMain(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public HeaderMain(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public HeaderMain(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public HeaderMain(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.imageType = Vdi.ImageType.byId(this._io.readU4le());
this.imageFlags = new Flags(this._io, this, _root);
this.description = new String(this._io.readBytes(256), Charset.forName("utf-8"));
if (_parent().version().major() >= 1) {
this.blocksMapOffset = this._io.readU4le();
}
if (_parent().version().major() >= 1) {
this.offsetData = this._io.readU4le();
}
this.geometry = new Geometry(this._io, this, _root);
if (_parent().version().major() >= 1) {
this.reserved1 = this._io.readU4le();
}
this.diskSize = this._io.readU8le();
this.blockDataSize = this._io.readU4le();
if (_parent().version().major() >= 1) {
this.blockMetadataSize = this._io.readU4le();
}
this.blocksInImage = this._io.readU4le();
this.blocksAllocated = this._io.readU4le();
this.uuidImage = new Uuid(this._io, this, _root);
this.uuidLastSnap = new Uuid(this._io, this, _root);
this.uuidLink = new Uuid(this._io, this, _root);
if (_parent().version().major() >= 1) {
this.uuidParent = new Uuid(this._io, this, _root);
}
if ( ((_parent().version().major() >= 1) && ((_io().pos() + 16) <= _io().size())) ) {
this.lchcGeometry = new Geometry(this._io, this, _root);
}
}
public static class Geometry extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Geometry fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Geometry(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Geometry(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Geometry(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Geometry(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.cylinders = this._io.readU4le();
this.heads = this._io.readU4le();
this.sectors = this._io.readU4le();
this.sectorSize = this._io.readU4le();
}
private long cylinders;
private long heads;
private long sectors;
private long sectorSize;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent;
public long cylinders() { return cylinders; }
public long heads() { return heads; }
public long sectors() { return sectors; }
public long sectorSize() { return sectorSize; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class Flags extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Flags fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Flags(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Flags(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Flags(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Flags(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.reserved0 = this._io.readBitsIntBe(15);
this.zeroExpand = this._io.readBitsIntBe(1) != 0;
this.reserved1 = this._io.readBitsIntBe(6);
this.diff = this._io.readBitsIntBe(1) != 0;
this.fixed = this._io.readBitsIntBe(1) != 0;
this.reserved2 = this._io.readBitsIntBe(8);
}
private long reserved0;
private boolean zeroExpand;
private long reserved1;
private boolean diff;
private boolean fixed;
private long reserved2;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent;
public long reserved0() { return reserved0; }
public boolean zeroExpand() { return zeroExpand; }
public long reserved1() { return reserved1; }
public boolean diff() { return diff; }
public boolean fixed() { return fixed; }
public long reserved2() { return reserved2; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Header.HeaderMain _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private ImageType imageType;
private Flags imageFlags;
private String description;
private Long blocksMapOffset;
private Long offsetData;
private Geometry geometry;
private Long reserved1;
private long diskSize;
private long blockDataSize;
private Long blockMetadataSize;
private long blocksInImage;
private long blocksAllocated;
private Uuid uuidImage;
private Uuid uuidLastSnap;
private Uuid uuidLink;
private Uuid uuidParent;
private Geometry lchcGeometry;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Header _parent;
public ImageType imageType() { return imageType; }
public Flags imageFlags() { return imageFlags; }
public String description() { return description; }
public Long blocksMapOffset() { return blocksMapOffset; }
public Long offsetData() { return offsetData; }
public Geometry geometry() { return geometry; }
public Long reserved1() { return reserved1; }
public long diskSize() { return diskSize; }
/**
* Size of block (bytes).
*/
public long blockDataSize() { return blockDataSize; }
public Long blockMetadataSize() { return blockMetadataSize; }
public long blocksInImage() { return blocksInImage; }
public long blocksAllocated() { return blocksAllocated; }
public Uuid uuidImage() { return uuidImage; }
public Uuid uuidLastSnap() { return uuidLastSnap; }
public Uuid uuidLink() { return uuidLink; }
public Uuid uuidParent() { return uuidParent; }
public Geometry lchcGeometry() { return lchcGeometry; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Header _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private Integer headerSize;
public Integer headerSize() {
if (this.headerSize != null)
return this.headerSize;
int _tmp = (int) ((subheaderSizeIsDynamic() ? headerSizeOptional() : 336));
this.headerSize = _tmp;
return this.headerSize;
}
private Long blocksMapOffset;
public Long blocksMapOffset() {
if (this.blocksMapOffset != null)
return this.blocksMapOffset;
long _tmp = (long) (headerMain().blocksMapOffset());
this.blocksMapOffset = _tmp;
return this.blocksMapOffset;
}
private Boolean subheaderSizeIsDynamic;
public Boolean subheaderSizeIsDynamic() {
if (this.subheaderSizeIsDynamic != null)
return this.subheaderSizeIsDynamic;
boolean _tmp = (boolean) (version().major() >= 1);
this.subheaderSizeIsDynamic = _tmp;
return this.subheaderSizeIsDynamic;
}
private Long blocksOffset;
public Long blocksOffset() {
if (this.blocksOffset != null)
return this.blocksOffset;
long _tmp = (long) (headerMain().offsetData());
this.blocksOffset = _tmp;
return this.blocksOffset;
}
private Integer blockSize;
public Integer blockSize() {
if (this.blockSize != null)
return this.blockSize;
int _tmp = (int) ((headerMain().blockMetadataSize() + headerMain().blockDataSize()));
this.blockSize = _tmp;
return this.blockSize;
}
private Integer blocksMapSize;
public Integer blocksMapSize() {
if (this.blocksMapSize != null)
return this.blocksMapSize;
int _tmp = (int) ((((((headerMain().blocksInImage() * 4) + headerMain().geometry().sectorSize()) - 1) / headerMain().geometry().sectorSize()) * headerMain().geometry().sectorSize()));
this.blocksMapSize = _tmp;
return this.blocksMapSize;
}
private String text;
private byte[] signature;
private Version version;
private Long headerSizeOptional;
private HeaderMain headerMain;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi _parent;
private byte[] _raw_headerMain;
public String text() { return text; }
public byte[] signature() { return signature; }
public Version version() { return version; }
public Long headerSizeOptional() { return headerSizeOptional; }
public HeaderMain headerMain() { return headerMain; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi _parent() { return _parent; }
public byte[] _raw_headerMain() { return _raw_headerMain; }
}
public static class BlocksMap extends KaitaiStruct {
public static BlocksMap fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new BlocksMap(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public BlocksMap(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public BlocksMap(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public BlocksMap(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.index = new ArrayList<BlockIndex>();
for (int i = 0; i < _root().header().headerMain().blocksInImage(); i++) {
this.index.add(new BlockIndex(this._io, this, _root));
}
}
public static class BlockIndex extends KaitaiStruct {
public static BlockIndex fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new BlockIndex(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public BlockIndex(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public BlockIndex(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.BlocksMap _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public BlockIndex(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.BlocksMap _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.index = this._io.readU4le();
}
private Boolean isAllocated;
public Boolean isAllocated() {
if (this.isAllocated != null)
return this.isAllocated;
boolean _tmp = (boolean) (index() < _root().blockDiscarded());
this.isAllocated = _tmp;
return this.isAllocated;
}
private Block block;
public Block block() {
if (this.block != null)
return this.block;
if (isAllocated()) {
this.block = _root().disk().blocks().get((int) index());
}
return this.block;
}
private long index;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.BlocksMap _parent;
public long index() { return index; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.BlocksMap _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private ArrayList<BlockIndex> index;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi _parent;
public ArrayList<BlockIndex> index() { return index; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class Disk extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Disk fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Disk(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Disk(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Disk(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Disk(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.blocks = new ArrayList<Block>();
for (int i = 0; i < _root().header().headerMain().blocksInImage(); i++) {
this.blocks.add(new Block(this._io, this, _root));
}
}
public static class Block extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Block fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Block(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Block(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Block(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Disk _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Block(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Disk _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.metadata = this._io.readBytes(_root().header().headerMain().blockMetadataSize());
this._raw_data = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
this.data = new ArrayList<Sector>();
{
int i = 0;
while (!this._io.isEof()) {
this._raw_data.add(this._io.readBytes(_root().header().headerMain().blockDataSize()));
KaitaiStream _io__raw_data = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_data.get(_raw_data.size() - 1));
this.data.add(new Sector(_io__raw_data, this, _root));
i++;
}
}
}
public static class Sector extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Sector fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Sector(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Sector(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Sector(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Disk.Block _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Sector(KaitaiStream _io, Vdi.Disk.Block _parent, Vdi _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.data = this._io.readBytes(_root().header().headerMain().geometry().sectorSize());
}
private byte[] data;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Disk.Block _parent;
public byte[] data() { return data; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Disk.Block _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private byte[] metadata;
private ArrayList<Sector> data;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi.Disk _parent;
private ArrayList<byte[]> _raw_data;
public byte[] metadata() { return metadata; }
public ArrayList<Sector> data() { return data; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi.Disk _parent() { return _parent; }
public ArrayList<byte[]> _raw_data() { return _raw_data; }
}
private ArrayList<Block> blocks;
private Vdi _root;
private Vdi _parent;
public ArrayList<Block> blocks() { return blocks; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public Vdi _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private Integer blockDiscarded;
public Integer blockDiscarded() {
if (this.blockDiscarded != null)
return this.blockDiscarded;
int _tmp = (int) (4294967294L);
this.blockDiscarded = _tmp;
return this.blockDiscarded;
}
private Integer blockUnallocated;
public Integer blockUnallocated() {
if (this.blockUnallocated != null)
return this.blockUnallocated;
int _tmp = (int) (4294967295L);
this.blockUnallocated = _tmp;
return this.blockUnallocated;
}
private BlocksMap blocksMap;
/**
* block_index = offset_in_virtual_disk / block_size actual_data_offset = blocks_map[block_index]*block_size+metadata_size+offset_in_block
* The blocks_map will take up blocks_in_image_max * sizeof(uint32_t) bytes; since the blocks_map is read and written in a single operation, its size needs to be limited to INT_MAX; furthermore, when opening an image, the blocks_map size is rounded up to be aligned on BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE. Therefore this should satisfy the following: blocks_in_image_max * sizeof(uint32_t) + BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE == INT_MAX + 1 (INT_MAX + 1 is the first value not representable as an int) This guarantees that any value below or equal to the constant will, when multiplied by sizeof(uint32_t) and rounded up to a BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE boundary, still be below or equal to INT_MAX.
*/
public BlocksMap blocksMap() {
if (this.blocksMap != null)
return this.blocksMap;
long _pos = this._io.pos();
this._io.seek(header().blocksMapOffset());
this._raw_blocksMap = this._io.readBytes(header().blocksMapSize());
KaitaiStream _io__raw_blocksMap = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_blocksMap);
this.blocksMap = new BlocksMap(_io__raw_blocksMap, this, _root);
this._io.seek(_pos);
return this.blocksMap;
}
private Disk disk;
public Disk disk() {
if (this.disk != null)
return this.disk;
long _pos = this._io.pos();
this._io.seek(header().blocksOffset());
this.disk = new Disk(this._io, this, _root);
this._io.seek(_pos);
return this.disk;
}
private Header header;
private Vdi _root;
private KaitaiStruct _parent;
private byte[] _raw_blocksMap;
public Header header() { return header; }
public Vdi _root() { return _root; }
public KaitaiStruct _parent() { return _parent; }
public byte[] _raw_blocksMap() { return _raw_blocksMap; }
}