ASN.1 DER (Abstract Syntax Notation One, Distinguished Encoding Rules): Ruby parsing library

ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules) is a standard-backed serialization scheme used in many different use-cases. Particularly popular usage scenarios are X.509 certificates and some telecommunication / networking protocols.

DER is self-describing encoding scheme which allows representation of simple, atomic data elements, such as strings and numbers, and complex objects, such as sequences of other elements.

DER is a subset of BER (Basic Encoding Rules), with an emphasis on being non-ambiguous: there's always exactly one canonical way to encode a data structure defined in terms of ASN.1 using DER.

This spec allows full parsing of format syntax, but to understand the semantics, one would typically require a dictionary of Object Identifiers (OIDs), to match OID bodies against some human-readable list of constants. OIDs are covered by many different standards, so typically it's simpler to use a pre-compiled list of them, such as:

File extension

der

KS implementation details

License: CC0-1.0

References

This page hosts a formal specification of ASN.1 DER (Abstract Syntax Notation One, Distinguished Encoding Rules) using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.

Usage

Runtime library

All parsing code for Ruby generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Ruby runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.

The Ruby runtime library can be installed from RubyGems:

gem install kaitai-struct

Code

Parse a local file and get structure in memory:

data = Asn1Der.from_file("path/to/local/file.der")

Or parse structure from a string of bytes:

bytes = "\x00\x01\x02..."
data = Asn1Der.new(Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(bytes))

After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:

data.type_tag # => get type tag

Ruby source code to parse ASN.1 DER (Abstract Syntax Notation One, Distinguished Encoding Rules)

asn1_der.rb

# This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild

require 'kaitai/struct/struct'

unless Gem::Version.new(Kaitai::Struct::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('0.9')
  raise "Incompatible Kaitai Struct Ruby API: 0.9 or later is required, but you have #{Kaitai::Struct::VERSION}"
end


##
# ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) DER (Distinguished Encoding
# Rules) is a standard-backed serialization scheme used in many
# different use-cases. Particularly popular usage scenarios are X.509
# certificates and some telecommunication / networking protocols.
# 
# DER is self-describing encoding scheme which allows representation
# of simple, atomic data elements, such as strings and numbers, and
# complex objects, such as sequences of other elements.
# 
# DER is a subset of BER (Basic Encoding Rules), with an emphasis on
# being non-ambiguous: there's always exactly one canonical way to
# encode a data structure defined in terms of ASN.1 using DER.
# 
# This spec allows full parsing of format syntax, but to understand
# the semantics, one would typically require a dictionary of Object
# Identifiers (OIDs), to match OID bodies against some human-readable
# list of constants. OIDs are covered by many different standards,
# so typically it's simpler to use a pre-compiled list of them, such
# as:
# 
# * <https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/dumpasn1.cfg>
# * <http://oid-info.com/>
# * <https://www.alvestrand.no/objectid/top.html>
# @see https://www.itu.int/itu-t/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=12483&lang=en Source
class Asn1Der < Kaitai::Struct::Struct

  TYPE_TAG = {
    0 => :type_tag_end_of_content,
    1 => :type_tag_boolean,
    2 => :type_tag_integer,
    3 => :type_tag_bit_string,
    4 => :type_tag_octet_string,
    5 => :type_tag_null_value,
    6 => :type_tag_object_id,
    7 => :type_tag_object_descriptor,
    8 => :type_tag_external,
    9 => :type_tag_real,
    10 => :type_tag_enumerated,
    11 => :type_tag_embedded_pdv,
    12 => :type_tag_utf8string,
    13 => :type_tag_relative_oid,
    16 => :type_tag_sequence_10,
    19 => :type_tag_printable_string,
    22 => :type_tag_ia5string,
    48 => :type_tag_sequence_30,
    49 => :type_tag_set,
  }
  I__TYPE_TAG = TYPE_TAG.invert
  def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
    super(_io, _parent, _root)
    _read
  end

  def _read
    @type_tag = Kaitai::Struct::Stream::resolve_enum(TYPE_TAG, @_io.read_u1)
    @len = LenEncoded.new(@_io, self, @_root)
    case type_tag
    when :type_tag_printable_string
      @_raw_body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
      _io__raw_body = Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(@_raw_body)
      @body = BodyPrintableString.new(_io__raw_body, self, @_root)
    when :type_tag_sequence_10
      @_raw_body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
      _io__raw_body = Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(@_raw_body)
      @body = BodySequence.new(_io__raw_body, self, @_root)
    when :type_tag_set
      @_raw_body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
      _io__raw_body = Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(@_raw_body)
      @body = BodySequence.new(_io__raw_body, self, @_root)
    when :type_tag_sequence_30
      @_raw_body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
      _io__raw_body = Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(@_raw_body)
      @body = BodySequence.new(_io__raw_body, self, @_root)
    when :type_tag_utf8string
      @_raw_body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
      _io__raw_body = Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(@_raw_body)
      @body = BodyUtf8string.new(_io__raw_body, self, @_root)
    when :type_tag_object_id
      @_raw_body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
      _io__raw_body = Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(@_raw_body)
      @body = BodyObjectId.new(_io__raw_body, self, @_root)
    else
      @body = @_io.read_bytes(len.result)
    end
    self
  end
  class BodySequence < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
    def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
      super(_io, _parent, _root)
      _read
    end

    def _read
      @entries = []
      i = 0
      while not @_io.eof?
        @entries << Asn1Der.new(@_io)
        i += 1
      end
      self
    end
    attr_reader :entries
  end
  class BodyUtf8string < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
    def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
      super(_io, _parent, _root)
      _read
    end

    def _read
      @str = (@_io.read_bytes_full).force_encoding("UTF-8")
      self
    end
    attr_reader :str
  end

  ##
  # @see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/seccertenroll/about-object-identifier Source
  class BodyObjectId < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
    def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
      super(_io, _parent, _root)
      _read
    end

    def _read
      @first_and_second = @_io.read_u1
      @rest = @_io.read_bytes_full
      self
    end
    def first
      return @first unless @first.nil?
      @first = (first_and_second / 40)
      @first
    end
    def second
      return @second unless @second.nil?
      @second = (first_and_second % 40)
      @second
    end
    attr_reader :first_and_second
    attr_reader :rest
  end
  class LenEncoded < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
    def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
      super(_io, _parent, _root)
      _read
    end

    def _read
      @b1 = @_io.read_u1
      if b1 == 130
        @int2 = @_io.read_u2be
      end
      if b1 == 129
        @int1 = @_io.read_u1
      end
      self
    end
    def result
      return @result unless @result.nil?
      @result = (b1 == 129 ? int1 : (b1 == 130 ? int2 : b1))
      @result
    end
    attr_reader :b1
    attr_reader :int2
    attr_reader :int1
  end
  class BodyPrintableString < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
    def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
      super(_io, _parent, _root)
      _read
    end

    def _read
      @str = (@_io.read_bytes_full).force_encoding("ASCII")
      self
    end
    attr_reader :str
  end
  attr_reader :type_tag
  attr_reader :len
  attr_reader :body
  attr_reader :_raw_body
end