BSON, short for Binary JSON, is a binary-encoded serialization of JSON-like documents. Like JSON, BSON supports the embedding of documents and arrays within other documents and arrays. BSON also contains extensions that allow representation of data types that are not part of the JSON spec. For example, BSON has a Date type and a BinData type. BSON can be compared to binary interchange formats, like Protocol Buffers. BSON is more "schemaless" than Protocol Buffers, which can give it an advantage in flexibility but also a slight disadvantage in space efficiency (BSON has overhead for field names within the serialized data). BSON was designed to have the following three characteristics:
This page hosts a formal specification of .bson file format using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for Python generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Python runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The Python runtime library can be installed from PyPI:
python3 -m pip install kaitaistructParse a local file and get structure in memory:
data = Bson.from_file("path/to/local/file.bson")
Or parse structure from a bytes:
from kaitaistruct import KaitaiStream, BytesIO
raw = b"\x00\x01\x02..."
data = Bson(KaitaiStream(BytesIO(raw)))
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:
data.len # => Total number of bytes comprising the document.
# This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
import kaitaistruct
from kaitaistruct import KaitaiStruct, KaitaiStream, BytesIO
from enum import Enum
if getattr(kaitaistruct, 'API_VERSION', (0, 9)) < (0, 9):
raise Exception("Incompatible Kaitai Struct Python API: 0.9 or later is required, but you have %s" % (kaitaistruct.__version__))
class Bson(KaitaiStruct):
"""BSON, short for Binary JSON, is a binary-encoded serialization of JSON-like documents. Like JSON, BSON supports the embedding of documents and arrays within other documents and arrays. BSON also contains extensions that allow representation of data types that are not part of the JSON spec. For example, BSON has a Date type and a BinData type. BSON can be compared to binary interchange formats, like Protocol Buffers. BSON is more "schemaless" than Protocol Buffers, which can give it an advantage in flexibility but also a slight disadvantage in space efficiency (BSON has overhead for field names within the serialized data). BSON was designed to have the following three characteristics:
* Lightweight. Keeping spatial overhead to a minimum is important for any data representation format, especially when used over the network.
* Traversable. BSON is designed to be traversed easily. This is a vital property in its role as the primary data representation for MongoDB.
* Efficient. Encoding data to BSON and decoding from BSON can be performed very quickly in most languages due to the use of C data types.
"""
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.len = self._io.read_s4le()
self._raw_fields = self._io.read_bytes((self.len - 5))
_io__raw_fields = KaitaiStream(BytesIO(self._raw_fields))
self.fields = Bson.ElementsList(_io__raw_fields, self, self._root)
self.terminator = self._io.read_bytes(1)
if not self.terminator == b"\x00":
raise kaitaistruct.ValidationNotEqualError(b"\x00", self.terminator, self._io, u"/seq/2")
class Timestamp(KaitaiStruct):
"""Special internal type used by MongoDB replication and sharding. First 4 bytes are an increment, second 4 are a timestamp."""
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.increment = self._io.read_u4le()
self.timestamp = self._io.read_u4le()
class BinData(KaitaiStruct):
"""The BSON "binary" or "BinData" datatype is used to represent arrays of bytes. It is somewhat analogous to the Java notion of a ByteArray. BSON binary values have a subtype. This is used to indicate what kind of data is in the byte array. Subtypes from zero to 127 are predefined or reserved. Subtypes from 128-255 are user-defined."""
class Subtype(Enum):
generic = 0
function = 1
byte_array_deprecated = 2
uuid_deprecated = 3
uuid = 4
md5 = 5
custom = 128
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.len = self._io.read_s4le()
self.subtype = KaitaiStream.resolve_enum(Bson.BinData.Subtype, self._io.read_u1())
_on = self.subtype
if _on == Bson.BinData.Subtype.byte_array_deprecated:
self._raw_content = self._io.read_bytes(self.len)
_io__raw_content = KaitaiStream(BytesIO(self._raw_content))
self.content = Bson.BinData.ByteArrayDeprecated(_io__raw_content, self, self._root)
else:
self.content = self._io.read_bytes(self.len)
class ByteArrayDeprecated(KaitaiStruct):
"""The BSON "binary" or "BinData" datatype is used to represent arrays of bytes. It is somewhat analogous to the Java notion of a ByteArray. BSON binary values have a subtype. This is used to indicate what kind of data is in the byte array. Subtypes from zero to 127 are predefined or reserved. Subtypes from 128-255 are user-defined."""
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.len = self._io.read_s4le()
self.content = self._io.read_bytes(self.len)
class ElementsList(KaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.elements = []
i = 0
while not self._io.is_eof():
self.elements.append(Bson.Element(self._io, self, self._root))
i += 1
class Cstring(KaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.str = (self._io.read_bytes_term(0, False, True, True)).decode(u"UTF-8")
class String(KaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.len = self._io.read_s4le()
self.str = (self._io.read_bytes((self.len - 1))).decode(u"UTF-8")
self.terminator = self._io.read_bytes(1)
if not self.terminator == b"\x00":
raise kaitaistruct.ValidationNotEqualError(b"\x00", self.terminator, self._io, u"/types/string/seq/2")
class Element(KaitaiStruct):
class BsonType(Enum):
min_key = -1
end_of_object = 0
number_double = 1
string = 2
document = 3
array = 4
bin_data = 5
undefined = 6
object_id = 7
boolean = 8
utc_datetime = 9
jst_null = 10
reg_ex = 11
db_pointer = 12
javascript = 13
symbol = 14
code_with_scope = 15
number_int = 16
timestamp = 17
number_long = 18
number_decimal = 19
max_key = 127
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.type_byte = KaitaiStream.resolve_enum(Bson.Element.BsonType, self._io.read_u1())
self.name = Bson.Cstring(self._io, self, self._root)
_on = self.type_byte
if _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.code_with_scope:
self.content = Bson.CodeWithScope(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.reg_ex:
self.content = Bson.RegEx(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.number_double:
self.content = self._io.read_f8le()
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.symbol:
self.content = Bson.String(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.timestamp:
self.content = Bson.Timestamp(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.number_int:
self.content = self._io.read_s4le()
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.document:
self.content = Bson(self._io)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.object_id:
self.content = Bson.ObjectId(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.javascript:
self.content = Bson.String(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.utc_datetime:
self.content = self._io.read_s8le()
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.boolean:
self.content = self._io.read_u1()
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.number_long:
self.content = self._io.read_s8le()
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.bin_data:
self.content = Bson.BinData(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.string:
self.content = Bson.String(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.db_pointer:
self.content = Bson.DbPointer(self._io, self, self._root)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.array:
self.content = Bson(self._io)
elif _on == Bson.Element.BsonType.number_decimal:
self.content = Bson.F16(self._io, self, self._root)
class DbPointer(KaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.namespace = Bson.String(self._io, self, self._root)
self.id = Bson.ObjectId(self._io, self, self._root)
class U3(KaitaiStruct):
"""Implements unsigned 24-bit (3 byte) integer.
"""
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.b1 = self._io.read_u1()
self.b2 = self._io.read_u1()
self.b3 = self._io.read_u1()
@property
def value(self):
if hasattr(self, '_m_value'):
return self._m_value
self._m_value = ((self.b1 | (self.b2 << 8)) | (self.b3 << 16))
return getattr(self, '_m_value', None)
class CodeWithScope(KaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.id = self._io.read_s4le()
self.source = Bson.String(self._io, self, self._root)
self.scope = Bson(self._io)
class F16(KaitaiStruct):
"""128-bit IEEE 754-2008 decimal floating point."""
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.str = self._io.read_bits_int_be(1) != 0
self.exponent = self._io.read_bits_int_be(15)
self.significand_hi = self._io.read_bits_int_be(49)
self._io.align_to_byte()
self.significand_lo = self._io.read_u8le()
class ObjectId(KaitaiStruct):
"""
.. seealso::
Source - https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/method/ObjectId/
"""
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.epoch_time = self._io.read_u4le()
self.machine_id = Bson.U3(self._io, self, self._root)
self.process_id = self._io.read_u2le()
self.counter = Bson.U3(self._io, self, self._root)
class RegEx(KaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
self._io = _io
self._parent = _parent
self._root = _root if _root else self
self._read()
def _read(self):
self.pattern = Bson.Cstring(self._io, self, self._root)
self.options = Bson.Cstring(self._io, self, self._root)