Variable length quantity, unsigned integer, base128, big-endian: Python parsing library

A variable-length unsigned integer using base128 encoding. 1-byte groups consist of 1-bit flag of continuation and 7-bit value chunk, and are ordered "most significant group first", i.e. in "big-endian" manner.

This particular encoding is specified and used in:

  • Standard MIDI file format
  • ASN.1 BER encoding
  • RAR 5.0 file format

More information on this encoding is available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_quantity

This particular implementation supports serialized values to up 8 bytes long.

KS implementation details

License: CC0-1.0
Minimal Kaitai Struct required: 0.9

This page hosts a formal specification of Variable length quantity, unsigned integer, base128, big-endian using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.

Usage

Runtime library

All parsing code for Python generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Python runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.

The Python runtime library can be installed from PyPI:

python3 -m pip install kaitaistruct

Code

Parse a local file and get structure in memory:

data = VlqBase128Be.from_file("path/to/local/file.bin")

Or parse structure from a bytes:

from kaitaistruct import KaitaiStream, BytesIO

raw = b"\x00\x01\x02..."
data = VlqBase128Be(KaitaiStream(BytesIO(raw)))

After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:

data.value # => Resulting value as normal integer

Python source code to parse Variable length quantity, unsigned integer, base128, big-endian

vlq_base128_be.py

# This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild

import kaitaistruct
from kaitaistruct import KaitaiStruct, KaitaiStream, BytesIO


if getattr(kaitaistruct, 'API_VERSION', (0, 9)) < (0, 9):
    raise Exception("Incompatible Kaitai Struct Python API: 0.9 or later is required, but you have %s" % (kaitaistruct.__version__))

class VlqBase128Be(KaitaiStruct):
    """A variable-length unsigned integer using base128 encoding. 1-byte groups
    consist of 1-bit flag of continuation and 7-bit value chunk, and are ordered
    "most significant group first", i.e. in "big-endian" manner.
    
    This particular encoding is specified and used in:
    
    * Standard MIDI file format
    * ASN.1 BER encoding
    * RAR 5.0 file format
    
    More information on this encoding is available at
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_quantity>
    
    This particular implementation supports serialized values to up 8 bytes long.
    """
    def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
        self._io = _io
        self._parent = _parent
        self._root = _root if _root else self
        self._read()

    def _read(self):
        self.groups = []
        i = 0
        while True:
            _ = VlqBase128Be.Group(self._io, self, self._root)
            self.groups.append(_)
            if not (_.has_next):
                break
            i += 1

    class Group(KaitaiStruct):
        """One byte group, clearly divided into 7-bit "value" chunk and 1-bit "continuation" flag.
        """
        def __init__(self, _io, _parent=None, _root=None):
            self._io = _io
            self._parent = _parent
            self._root = _root if _root else self
            self._read()

        def _read(self):
            self.has_next = self._io.read_bits_int_be(1) != 0
            self.value = self._io.read_bits_int_be(7)


    @property
    def last(self):
        if hasattr(self, '_m_last'):
            return self._m_last

        self._m_last = (len(self.groups) - 1)
        return getattr(self, '_m_last', None)

    @property
    def value(self):
        """Resulting value as normal integer."""
        if hasattr(self, '_m_value'):
            return self._m_value

        self._m_value = (((((((self.groups[self.last].value + ((self.groups[(self.last - 1)].value << 7) if self.last >= 1 else 0)) + ((self.groups[(self.last - 2)].value << 14) if self.last >= 2 else 0)) + ((self.groups[(self.last - 3)].value << 21) if self.last >= 3 else 0)) + ((self.groups[(self.last - 4)].value << 28) if self.last >= 4 else 0)) + ((self.groups[(self.last - 5)].value << 35) if self.last >= 5 else 0)) + ((self.groups[(self.last - 6)].value << 42) if self.last >= 6 else 0)) + ((self.groups[(self.last - 7)].value << 49) if self.last >= 7 else 0))
        return getattr(self, '_m_value', None)