The Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) is a generic file container format for storing data in tagged chunks. It is primarily used to store multimedia such as sound and video, though it may also be used to store any arbitrary data.
The Microsoft implementation is mostly known through container formats like AVI, ANI and WAV, which use RIFF as their basis.
This page hosts a formal specification of Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for C# generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the C# runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The C# runtime library is available in the NuGet Gallery. Installation instructions can also be found there.
Parse a local file and get structure in memory:
var data = Riff.FromFile("path/to/local/file.bin");
Or parse structure from a byte array:
byte[] someArray = new byte[] { ... };
var data = new Riff(new KaitaiStream(someArray));
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by accessing properties like:
data.Chunk // => get chunk
// This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Kaitai
{
/// <summary>
/// The Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) is a generic file container format
/// for storing data in tagged chunks. It is primarily used to store multimedia
/// such as sound and video, though it may also be used to store any arbitrary data.
///
/// The Microsoft implementation is mostly known through container formats
/// like AVI, ANI and WAV, which use RIFF as their basis.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Reference: <a href="https://www.johnloomis.org/cpe102/asgn/asgn1/riff.html">Source</a>
/// </remarks>
public partial class Riff : KaitaiStruct
{
public static Riff FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new Riff(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public enum Fourcc
{
Riff = 1179011410,
Info = 1330007625,
List = 1414744396,
}
public Riff(KaitaiStream p__io, KaitaiStruct p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root ?? this;
f_chunkId = false;
f_isRiffChunk = false;
f_parentChunkData = false;
f_subchunks = false;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_chunk = new Chunk(m_io, this, m_root);
}
public partial class ListChunkData : KaitaiStruct
{
public static ListChunkData FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new ListChunkData(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ListChunkData(KaitaiStream p__io, Riff.ChunkType p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
f_parentChunkDataOfs = false;
f_formType = false;
f_formTypeReadable = false;
f_subchunks = false;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
if (ParentChunkDataOfs < 0) {
_saveParentChunkDataOfs = m_io.ReadBytes(0);
}
_parentChunkData = new ParentChunkData(m_io, this, m_root);
}
private bool f_parentChunkDataOfs;
private int _parentChunkDataOfs;
public int ParentChunkDataOfs
{
get
{
if (f_parentChunkDataOfs)
return _parentChunkDataOfs;
_parentChunkDataOfs = (int) (M_Io.Pos);
f_parentChunkDataOfs = true;
return _parentChunkDataOfs;
}
}
private bool f_formType;
private Fourcc _formType;
public Fourcc FormType
{
get
{
if (f_formType)
return _formType;
_formType = (Fourcc) (((Riff.Fourcc) ParentChunkData.FormType));
f_formType = true;
return _formType;
}
}
private bool f_formTypeReadable;
private string _formTypeReadable;
public string FormTypeReadable
{
get
{
if (f_formTypeReadable)
return _formTypeReadable;
long _pos = m_io.Pos;
m_io.Seek(ParentChunkDataOfs);
_formTypeReadable = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("ASCII").GetString(m_io.ReadBytes(4));
m_io.Seek(_pos);
f_formTypeReadable = true;
return _formTypeReadable;
}
}
private bool f_subchunks;
private List<KaitaiStruct> _subchunks;
public List<KaitaiStruct> Subchunks
{
get
{
if (f_subchunks)
return _subchunks;
KaitaiStream io = ParentChunkData.SubchunksSlot.M_Io;
long _pos = io.Pos;
io.Seek(0);
_subchunks = new List<KaitaiStruct>();
{
var i = 0;
while (!io.IsEof) {
switch (FormType) {
case Riff.Fourcc.Info: {
_subchunks.Add(new InfoSubchunk(io, this, m_root));
break;
}
default: {
_subchunks.Add(new ChunkType(io, this, m_root));
break;
}
}
i++;
}
}
io.Seek(_pos);
f_subchunks = true;
return _subchunks;
}
}
private byte[] _saveParentChunkDataOfs;
private ParentChunkData _parentChunkData;
private Riff m_root;
private Riff.ChunkType m_parent;
public byte[] SaveParentChunkDataOfs { get { return _saveParentChunkDataOfs; } }
public ParentChunkData ParentChunkData { get { return _parentChunkData; } }
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public Riff.ChunkType M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class Chunk : KaitaiStruct
{
public static Chunk FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new Chunk(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Chunk(KaitaiStream p__io, KaitaiStruct p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_id = m_io.ReadU4le();
_len = m_io.ReadU4le();
__raw_dataSlot = m_io.ReadBytes(Len);
var io___raw_dataSlot = new KaitaiStream(__raw_dataSlot);
_dataSlot = new Slot(io___raw_dataSlot, this, m_root);
_padByte = m_io.ReadBytes(KaitaiStream.Mod(Len, 2));
}
public partial class Slot : KaitaiStruct
{
public static Slot FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new Slot(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Slot(KaitaiStream p__io, Riff.Chunk p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
}
private Riff m_root;
private Riff.Chunk m_parent;
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public Riff.Chunk M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
private uint _id;
private uint _len;
private Slot _dataSlot;
private byte[] _padByte;
private Riff m_root;
private KaitaiStruct m_parent;
private byte[] __raw_dataSlot;
public uint Id { get { return _id; } }
public uint Len { get { return _len; } }
public Slot DataSlot { get { return _dataSlot; } }
public byte[] PadByte { get { return _padByte; } }
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public KaitaiStruct M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
public byte[] M_RawDataSlot { get { return __raw_dataSlot; } }
}
public partial class ParentChunkData : KaitaiStruct
{
public static ParentChunkData FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new ParentChunkData(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ParentChunkData(KaitaiStream p__io, KaitaiStruct p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_formType = m_io.ReadU4le();
__raw_subchunksSlot = m_io.ReadBytesFull();
var io___raw_subchunksSlot = new KaitaiStream(__raw_subchunksSlot);
_subchunksSlot = new Slot(io___raw_subchunksSlot, this, m_root);
}
public partial class Slot : KaitaiStruct
{
public static Slot FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new Slot(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Slot(KaitaiStream p__io, Riff.ParentChunkData p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
}
private Riff m_root;
private Riff.ParentChunkData m_parent;
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public Riff.ParentChunkData M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
private uint _formType;
private Slot _subchunksSlot;
private Riff m_root;
private KaitaiStruct m_parent;
private byte[] __raw_subchunksSlot;
public uint FormType { get { return _formType; } }
public Slot SubchunksSlot { get { return _subchunksSlot; } }
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public KaitaiStruct M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
public byte[] M_RawSubchunksSlot { get { return __raw_subchunksSlot; } }
}
/// <summary>
/// All registered subchunks in the INFO chunk are NULL-terminated strings,
/// but the unregistered might not be. By convention, the registered
/// chunk IDs are in uppercase and the unregistered IDs are in lowercase.
///
/// If the chunk ID of an INFO subchunk contains a lowercase
/// letter, this chunk is considered as unregistered and thus we can make
/// no assumptions about the type of data.
/// </summary>
public partial class InfoSubchunk : KaitaiStruct
{
public static InfoSubchunk FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new InfoSubchunk(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public InfoSubchunk(KaitaiStream p__io, Riff.ListChunkData p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
f_chunkData = false;
f_isUnregisteredTag = false;
f_idChars = false;
f_chunkIdReadable = false;
f_chunkOfs = false;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
if (ChunkOfs < 0) {
_saveChunkOfs = m_io.ReadBytes(0);
}
_chunk = new Chunk(m_io, this, m_root);
}
private bool f_chunkData;
private string _chunkData;
public string ChunkData
{
get
{
if (f_chunkData)
return _chunkData;
KaitaiStream io = Chunk.DataSlot.M_Io;
long _pos = io.Pos;
io.Seek(0);
{
bool on = IsUnregisteredTag;
if (on == false)
{
_chunkData = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8").GetString(io.ReadBytesTerm(0, false, true, true));
}
}
io.Seek(_pos);
f_chunkData = true;
return _chunkData;
}
}
private bool f_isUnregisteredTag;
private bool _isUnregisteredTag;
/// <summary>
/// Check if chunk_id contains lowercase characters ([a-z], ASCII 97 = a, ASCII 122 = z).
/// </summary>
public bool IsUnregisteredTag
{
get
{
if (f_isUnregisteredTag)
return _isUnregisteredTag;
_isUnregisteredTag = (bool) ( (( ((IdChars[0] >= 97) && (IdChars[0] <= 122)) ) || ( ((IdChars[1] >= 97) && (IdChars[1] <= 122)) ) || ( ((IdChars[2] >= 97) && (IdChars[2] <= 122)) ) || ( ((IdChars[3] >= 97) && (IdChars[3] <= 122)) )) );
f_isUnregisteredTag = true;
return _isUnregisteredTag;
}
}
private bool f_idChars;
private byte[] _idChars;
public byte[] IdChars
{
get
{
if (f_idChars)
return _idChars;
long _pos = m_io.Pos;
m_io.Seek(ChunkOfs);
_idChars = m_io.ReadBytes(4);
m_io.Seek(_pos);
f_idChars = true;
return _idChars;
}
}
private bool f_chunkIdReadable;
private string _chunkIdReadable;
public string ChunkIdReadable
{
get
{
if (f_chunkIdReadable)
return _chunkIdReadable;
_chunkIdReadable = (string) (System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("ASCII").GetString(IdChars));
f_chunkIdReadable = true;
return _chunkIdReadable;
}
}
private bool f_chunkOfs;
private int _chunkOfs;
public int ChunkOfs
{
get
{
if (f_chunkOfs)
return _chunkOfs;
_chunkOfs = (int) (M_Io.Pos);
f_chunkOfs = true;
return _chunkOfs;
}
}
private byte[] _saveChunkOfs;
private Chunk _chunk;
private Riff m_root;
private Riff.ListChunkData m_parent;
public byte[] SaveChunkOfs { get { return _saveChunkOfs; } }
public Chunk Chunk { get { return _chunk; } }
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public Riff.ListChunkData M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class ChunkType : KaitaiStruct
{
public static ChunkType FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new ChunkType(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ChunkType(KaitaiStream p__io, KaitaiStruct p__parent = null, Riff p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
f_chunkOfs = false;
f_chunkId = false;
f_chunkIdReadable = false;
f_chunkData = false;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
if (ChunkOfs < 0) {
_saveChunkOfs = m_io.ReadBytes(0);
}
_chunk = new Chunk(m_io, this, m_root);
}
private bool f_chunkOfs;
private int _chunkOfs;
public int ChunkOfs
{
get
{
if (f_chunkOfs)
return _chunkOfs;
_chunkOfs = (int) (M_Io.Pos);
f_chunkOfs = true;
return _chunkOfs;
}
}
private bool f_chunkId;
private Fourcc _chunkId;
public Fourcc ChunkId
{
get
{
if (f_chunkId)
return _chunkId;
_chunkId = (Fourcc) (((Riff.Fourcc) Chunk.Id));
f_chunkId = true;
return _chunkId;
}
}
private bool f_chunkIdReadable;
private string _chunkIdReadable;
public string ChunkIdReadable
{
get
{
if (f_chunkIdReadable)
return _chunkIdReadable;
long _pos = m_io.Pos;
m_io.Seek(ChunkOfs);
_chunkIdReadable = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("ASCII").GetString(m_io.ReadBytes(4));
m_io.Seek(_pos);
f_chunkIdReadable = true;
return _chunkIdReadable;
}
}
private bool f_chunkData;
private ListChunkData _chunkData;
public ListChunkData ChunkData
{
get
{
if (f_chunkData)
return _chunkData;
KaitaiStream io = Chunk.DataSlot.M_Io;
long _pos = io.Pos;
io.Seek(0);
switch (ChunkId) {
case Riff.Fourcc.List: {
_chunkData = new ListChunkData(io, this, m_root);
break;
}
}
io.Seek(_pos);
f_chunkData = true;
return _chunkData;
}
}
private byte[] _saveChunkOfs;
private Chunk _chunk;
private Riff m_root;
private KaitaiStruct m_parent;
public byte[] SaveChunkOfs { get { return _saveChunkOfs; } }
public Chunk Chunk { get { return _chunk; } }
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public KaitaiStruct M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
private bool f_chunkId;
private Fourcc _chunkId;
public Fourcc ChunkId
{
get
{
if (f_chunkId)
return _chunkId;
_chunkId = (Fourcc) (((Fourcc) Chunk.Id));
f_chunkId = true;
return _chunkId;
}
}
private bool f_isRiffChunk;
private bool _isRiffChunk;
public bool IsRiffChunk
{
get
{
if (f_isRiffChunk)
return _isRiffChunk;
_isRiffChunk = (bool) (ChunkId == Fourcc.Riff);
f_isRiffChunk = true;
return _isRiffChunk;
}
}
private bool f_parentChunkData;
private ParentChunkData _parentChunkData;
public ParentChunkData ParentChunkData
{
get
{
if (f_parentChunkData)
return _parentChunkData;
if (IsRiffChunk) {
KaitaiStream io = Chunk.DataSlot.M_Io;
long _pos = io.Pos;
io.Seek(0);
_parentChunkData = new ParentChunkData(io, this, m_root);
io.Seek(_pos);
f_parentChunkData = true;
}
return _parentChunkData;
}
}
private bool f_subchunks;
private List<ChunkType> _subchunks;
public List<ChunkType> Subchunks
{
get
{
if (f_subchunks)
return _subchunks;
if (IsRiffChunk) {
KaitaiStream io = ParentChunkData.SubchunksSlot.M_Io;
long _pos = io.Pos;
io.Seek(0);
_subchunks = new List<ChunkType>();
{
var i = 0;
while (!io.IsEof) {
_subchunks.Add(new ChunkType(io, this, m_root));
i++;
}
}
io.Seek(_pos);
f_subchunks = true;
}
return _subchunks;
}
}
private Chunk _chunk;
private Riff m_root;
private KaitaiStruct m_parent;
public Chunk Chunk { get { return _chunk; } }
public Riff M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public KaitaiStruct M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
}