Sound resources were introduced in Classic MacOS with the Sound Manager program. They can contain sound commands to generate sounds with given frequencies as well as sampled sound data. They are mostly found in resource forks, but can occasionally appear standalone or embedded in other files.
This page hosts a formal specification of Classic MacOS Sound Resource using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for JavaScript generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the JavaScript runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The JavaScript runtime library is available at npm:
npm install kaitai-structSee the usage examples in the JavaScript notes.
Parse structure from an ArrayBuffer:
var arrayBuffer = ...;
var data = new MacOsResourceSnd(new KaitaiStream(arrayBuffer));
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by accessing fields or properties like:
data.midiNoteToFrequency // => Lookup table to convert a MIDI note into a frequency in Hz
The lookup table represents the formula (2 ** ((midi_note - 69) / 12)) * 440
// This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
(function (root, factory) {
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
define(['kaitai-struct/KaitaiStream'], factory);
} else if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) {
module.exports = factory(require('kaitai-struct/KaitaiStream'));
} else {
root.MacOsResourceSnd = factory(root.KaitaiStream);
}
}(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : this, function (KaitaiStream) {
/**
* Sound resources were introduced in Classic MacOS with the Sound Manager program.
* They can contain sound commands to generate sounds with given frequencies as well as sampled sound data.
* They are mostly found in resource forks, but can occasionally appear standalone or embedded in other files.
* @see {@link https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/Sound/Sound_Manager.pdf|Source}
*/
var MacOsResourceSnd = (function() {
MacOsResourceSnd.CmdType = Object.freeze({
NULL_CMD: 0,
QUIET_CMD: 3,
FLUSH_CMD: 4,
RE_INIT_CMD: 5,
WAIT_CMD: 10,
PAUSE_CMD: 11,
RESUME_CMD: 12,
CALL_BACK_CMD: 13,
SYNC_CMD: 14,
EMPTY_CMD: 15,
AVAILABLE_CMD: 24,
VERSION_CMD: 25,
TOTAL_LOAD_CMD: 26,
LOAD_CMD: 27,
FREQ_DURATION_CMD: 40,
REST_CMD: 41,
FREQ_CMD: 42,
AMP_CMD: 43,
TIMBRE_CMD: 44,
GET_AMP_CMD: 45,
VOLUME_CMD: 46,
GET_VOLUME_CMD: 47,
WAVE_TABLE_CMD: 60,
PHASE_CMD: 61,
SOUND_CMD: 80,
BUFFER_CMD: 81,
RATE_CMD: 82,
GET_RATE_CMD: 85,
0: "NULL_CMD",
3: "QUIET_CMD",
4: "FLUSH_CMD",
5: "RE_INIT_CMD",
10: "WAIT_CMD",
11: "PAUSE_CMD",
12: "RESUME_CMD",
13: "CALL_BACK_CMD",
14: "SYNC_CMD",
15: "EMPTY_CMD",
24: "AVAILABLE_CMD",
25: "VERSION_CMD",
26: "TOTAL_LOAD_CMD",
27: "LOAD_CMD",
40: "FREQ_DURATION_CMD",
41: "REST_CMD",
42: "FREQ_CMD",
43: "AMP_CMD",
44: "TIMBRE_CMD",
45: "GET_AMP_CMD",
46: "VOLUME_CMD",
47: "GET_VOLUME_CMD",
60: "WAVE_TABLE_CMD",
61: "PHASE_CMD",
80: "SOUND_CMD",
81: "BUFFER_CMD",
82: "RATE_CMD",
85: "GET_RATE_CMD",
});
MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType = Object.freeze({
STANDARD: 0,
COMPRESSED: 254,
EXTENDED: 255,
0: "STANDARD",
254: "COMPRESSED",
255: "EXTENDED",
});
MacOsResourceSnd.DataType = Object.freeze({
SQUARE_WAVE_SYNTH: 1,
WAVE_TABLE_SYNTH: 3,
SAMPLED_SYNTH: 5,
1: "SQUARE_WAVE_SYNTH",
3: "WAVE_TABLE_SYNTH",
5: "SAMPLED_SYNTH",
});
MacOsResourceSnd.WaveInitOption = Object.freeze({
CHANNEL0: 4,
CHANNEL1: 5,
CHANNEL2: 6,
CHANNEL3: 7,
4: "CHANNEL0",
5: "CHANNEL1",
6: "CHANNEL2",
7: "CHANNEL3",
});
MacOsResourceSnd.InitOption = Object.freeze({
CHAN_LEFT: 2,
CHAN_RIGHT: 3,
NO_INTERP: 4,
NO_DROP: 8,
MONO: 128,
STEREO: 192,
MACE3: 768,
MACE6: 1024,
2: "CHAN_LEFT",
3: "CHAN_RIGHT",
4: "NO_INTERP",
8: "NO_DROP",
128: "MONO",
192: "STEREO",
768: "MACE3",
1024: "MACE6",
});
MacOsResourceSnd.CompressionTypeEnum = Object.freeze({
VARIABLE_COMPRESSION: -2,
FIXED_COMPRESSION: -1,
NOT_COMPRESSED: 0,
TWO_TO_ONE: 1,
EIGHT_TO_THREE: 2,
THREE_TO_ONE: 3,
SIX_TO_ONE: 4,
"-2": "VARIABLE_COMPRESSION",
"-1": "FIXED_COMPRESSION",
0: "NOT_COMPRESSED",
1: "TWO_TO_ONE",
2: "EIGHT_TO_THREE",
3: "THREE_TO_ONE",
4: "SIX_TO_ONE",
});
function MacOsResourceSnd(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
MacOsResourceSnd.prototype._read = function() {
this.format = this._io.readU2be();
if (this.format == 1) {
this.numDataFormats = this._io.readU2be();
}
if (this.format == 1) {
this.dataFormats = [];
for (var i = 0; i < this.numDataFormats; i++) {
this.dataFormats.push(new DataFormat(this._io, this, this._root));
}
}
if (this.format == 2) {
this.referenceCount = this._io.readU2be();
}
this.numSoundCommands = this._io.readU2be();
this.soundCommands = [];
for (var i = 0; i < this.numSoundCommands; i++) {
this.soundCommands.push(new SoundCommand(this._io, this, this._root));
}
}
var Extended = MacOsResourceSnd.Extended = (function() {
function Extended(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
Extended.prototype._read = function() {
this.instrumentChunkPtr = this._io.readU4be();
this.aesRecordingPtr = this._io.readU4be();
}
/**
* pointer to instrument info
*/
/**
* pointer to audio info
*/
return Extended;
})();
var SoundHeader = MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeader = (function() {
function SoundHeader(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
SoundHeader.prototype._read = function() {
if (this.startOfs < 0) {
this._unnamed0 = this._io.readBytes(0);
}
this.samplePtr = this._io.readU4be();
if (this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.STANDARD) {
this.numSamples = this._io.readU4be();
}
if ( ((this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.EXTENDED) || (this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.COMPRESSED)) ) {
this.numChannels = this._io.readU4be();
}
this.sampleRate = new UnsignedFixedPoint(this._io, this, this._root);
this.loopStart = this._io.readU4be();
this.loopEnd = this._io.readU4be();
this.encode = this._io.readU1();
this.midiNote = this._io.readU1();
if ( ((this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.EXTENDED) || (this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.COMPRESSED)) ) {
this.extendedOrCompressed = new ExtendedOrCompressed(this._io, this, this._root);
}
if (this.samplePtr == 0) {
this.sampleArea = this._io.readBytes((this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.STANDARD ? this.numSamples : (this.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.EXTENDED ? Math.floor(((this.extendedOrCompressed.numFrames * this.numChannels) * this.extendedOrCompressed.bitsPerSample) / 8) : (this._io.size - this._io.pos))));
}
}
Object.defineProperty(SoundHeader.prototype, 'startOfs', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_startOfs !== undefined)
return this._m_startOfs;
this._m_startOfs = this._io.pos;
return this._m_startOfs;
}
});
/**
* base frequency of sample in Hz
* Calculated with the formula (2 ** ((midi_note - 69) / 12)) * 440
* @see {@link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI_tuning_standard|Source}
*/
Object.defineProperty(SoundHeader.prototype, 'baseFreqeuncy', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_baseFreqeuncy !== undefined)
return this._m_baseFreqeuncy;
if ( ((this.midiNote >= 0) && (this.midiNote < 128)) ) {
this._m_baseFreqeuncy = this._root.midiNoteToFrequency[this.midiNote];
}
return this._m_baseFreqeuncy;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(SoundHeader.prototype, 'soundHeaderType', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_soundHeaderType !== undefined)
return this._m_soundHeaderType;
var _pos = this._io.pos;
this._io.seek((this.startOfs + 20));
this._m_soundHeaderType = this._io.readU1();
this._io.seek(_pos);
return this._m_soundHeaderType;
}
});
/**
* pointer to samples (or 0 if samples follow data structure)
*/
/**
* number of samples
*/
/**
* number of channels in sample
*/
/**
* The rate at which the sample was originally recorded.
*/
/**
* loop point beginning
*/
/**
* loop point ending
*/
/**
* sample's encoding option
*/
/**
* base frequency of sample, expressed as MIDI note values, 60 is middle C
*/
/**
* sampled-sound data
*/
return SoundHeader;
})();
var UnsignedFixedPoint = MacOsResourceSnd.UnsignedFixedPoint = (function() {
function UnsignedFixedPoint(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
UnsignedFixedPoint.prototype._read = function() {
this.integerPart = this._io.readU2be();
this.fractionPart = this._io.readU2be();
}
Object.defineProperty(UnsignedFixedPoint.prototype, 'value', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_value !== undefined)
return this._m_value;
this._m_value = (this.integerPart + (this.fractionPart / 65535.0));
return this._m_value;
}
});
return UnsignedFixedPoint;
})();
var SoundCommand = MacOsResourceSnd.SoundCommand = (function() {
function SoundCommand(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
SoundCommand.prototype._read = function() {
this.isDataOffset = this._io.readBitsIntBe(1) != 0;
this.cmd = this._io.readBitsIntBe(15);
this._io.alignToByte();
this.param1 = this._io.readU2be();
this.param2 = this._io.readU4be();
}
Object.defineProperty(SoundCommand.prototype, 'soundHeader', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_soundHeader !== undefined)
return this._m_soundHeader;
if ( ((this.isDataOffset) && (this.cmd == MacOsResourceSnd.CmdType.BUFFER_CMD)) ) {
var _pos = this._io.pos;
this._io.seek(this.param2);
this._m_soundHeader = new SoundHeader(this._io, this, this._root);
this._io.seek(_pos);
}
return this._m_soundHeader;
}
});
return SoundCommand;
})();
var Compressed = MacOsResourceSnd.Compressed = (function() {
function Compressed(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
Compressed.prototype._read = function() {
this.format = KaitaiStream.bytesToStr(this._io.readBytes(4), "ASCII");
this.reserved = this._io.readBytes(4);
this.stateVarsPtr = this._io.readU4be();
this.leftOverSamplesPtr = this._io.readU4be();
this.compressionId = this._io.readS2be();
this.packetSize = this._io.readU2be();
this.synthesizerId = this._io.readU2be();
}
Object.defineProperty(Compressed.prototype, 'compressionType', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_compressionType !== undefined)
return this._m_compressionType;
this._m_compressionType = this.compressionId;
return this._m_compressionType;
}
});
/**
* data format type
*/
/**
* pointer to StateBlock
*/
/**
* pointer to LeftOverBlock
*/
/**
* ID of compression algorithm
*/
/**
* number of bits per packet
*/
/**
* Latest Sound Manager documentation specifies this field as:
* This field is unused. You should set it to 0.
* Inside Macintosh (Volume VI, 1991) specifies it as:
* Indicates the resource ID number of the 'snth' resource that was used to compress the packets contained in the compressed sound header.
* @see {@link https://vintageapple.org/inside_o/pdf/Inside_Macintosh_Volume_VI_1991.pdf|Page 22-49, absolute page number 1169 in the PDF}
*/
return Compressed;
})();
var ExtendedOrCompressed = MacOsResourceSnd.ExtendedOrCompressed = (function() {
function ExtendedOrCompressed(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
ExtendedOrCompressed.prototype._read = function() {
this.numFrames = this._io.readU4be();
this.aiffSampleRate = this._io.readBytes(10);
this.markerChunk = this._io.readU4be();
if (this._parent.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.EXTENDED) {
this.extended = new Extended(this._io, this, this._root);
}
if (this._parent.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.COMPRESSED) {
this.compressed = new Compressed(this._io, this, this._root);
}
this.bitsPerSample = this._io.readU2be();
if (this._parent.soundHeaderType == MacOsResourceSnd.SoundHeaderType.EXTENDED) {
this.reserved = this._io.readBytes(14);
}
}
/**
* rate of original sample (Extended80)
*/
/**
* reserved
*/
/**
* number of bits per sample
*/
/**
* reserved
*/
return ExtendedOrCompressed;
})();
var DataFormat = MacOsResourceSnd.DataFormat = (function() {
function DataFormat(_io, _parent, _root) {
this._io = _io;
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root || this;
this._read();
}
DataFormat.prototype._read = function() {
this.id = this._io.readU2be();
this.options = this._io.readU4be();
}
/**
* mask for right/left pan values
*/
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'initPanMask', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_initPanMask !== undefined)
return this._m_initPanMask;
this._m_initPanMask = 3;
return this._m_initPanMask;
}
});
/**
* wave table only, Sound Manager 2.0 and earlier
*/
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'waveInitChannelMask', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_waveInitChannelMask !== undefined)
return this._m_waveInitChannelMask;
this._m_waveInitChannelMask = 7;
return this._m_waveInitChannelMask;
}
});
/**
* mask for mono/stereo values
*/
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'initStereoMask', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_initStereoMask !== undefined)
return this._m_initStereoMask;
this._m_initStereoMask = 192;
return this._m_initStereoMask;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'waveInit', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_waveInit !== undefined)
return this._m_waveInit;
if (this.id == MacOsResourceSnd.DataType.WAVE_TABLE_SYNTH) {
this._m_waveInit = (this.options & this.waveInitChannelMask);
}
return this._m_waveInit;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'panInit', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_panInit !== undefined)
return this._m_panInit;
this._m_panInit = (this.options & this.initPanMask);
return this._m_panInit;
}
});
/**
* mask for compression IDs
*/
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'initCompMask', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_initCompMask !== undefined)
return this._m_initCompMask;
this._m_initCompMask = 65280;
return this._m_initCompMask;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'stereoInit', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_stereoInit !== undefined)
return this._m_stereoInit;
this._m_stereoInit = (this.options & this.initStereoMask);
return this._m_stereoInit;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(DataFormat.prototype, 'compInit', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_compInit !== undefined)
return this._m_compInit;
this._m_compInit = (this.options & this.initCompMask);
return this._m_compInit;
}
});
/**
* contains initialisation options for the SndNewChannel function
*/
return DataFormat;
})();
/**
* Lookup table to convert a MIDI note into a frequency in Hz
* The lookup table represents the formula (2 ** ((midi_note - 69) / 12)) * 440
* @see {@link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI_tuning_standard|Source}
*/
Object.defineProperty(MacOsResourceSnd.prototype, 'midiNoteToFrequency', {
get: function() {
if (this._m_midiNoteToFrequency !== undefined)
return this._m_midiNoteToFrequency;
this._m_midiNoteToFrequency = [8.18, 8.66, 9.18, 9.72, 10.30, 10.91, 11.56, 12.25, 12.98, 13.75, 14.57, 15.43, 16.35, 17.32, 18.35, 19.45, 20.60, 21.83, 23.12, 24.50, 25.96, 27.50, 29.14, 30.87, 32.70, 34.65, 36.71, 38.89, 41.20, 43.65, 46.25, 49.00, 51.91, 55.00, 58.27, 61.74, 65.41, 69.30, 73.42, 77.78, 82.41, 87.31, 92.50, 98.00, 103.83, 110.00, 116.54, 123.47, 130.81, 138.59, 146.83, 155.56, 164.81, 174.61, 185.00, 196.00, 207.65, 220.00, 233.08, 246.94, 261.63, 277.18, 293.66, 311.13, 329.63, 349.23, 369.99, 392.00, 415.30, 440.00, 466.16, 493.88, 523.25, 554.37, 587.33, 622.25, 659.26, 698.46, 739.99, 783.99, 830.61, 880.00, 932.33, 987.77, 1046.50, 1108.73, 1174.66, 1244.51, 1318.51, 1396.91, 1479.98, 1567.98, 1661.22, 1760.00, 1864.66, 1975.53, 2093.00, 2217.46, 2349.32, 2489.02, 2637.02, 2793.83, 2959.96, 3135.96, 3322.44, 3520.00, 3729.31, 3951.07, 4186.01, 4434.92, 4698.64, 4978.03, 5274.04, 5587.65, 5919.91, 6271.93, 6644.88, 7040.00, 7458.62, 7902.13, 8372.02, 8869.84, 9397.27, 9956.06, 10548.08, 11175.30, 11839.82, 12543.85];
return this._m_midiNoteToFrequency;
}
});
return MacOsResourceSnd;
})();
return MacOsResourceSnd;
}));