Standard MIDI file, typically known just as "MID", is a standard way to serialize series of MIDI events, which is a protocol used in many music synthesizers to transfer music data: notes being played, effects being applied, etc.
Internally, file consists of a header and series of tracks, every track listing MIDI events with certain header designating time these events are happening.
NOTE: Rarely, MIDI files employ certain stateful compression scheme to avoid storing certain elements of further elements, instead reusing them from events which happened earlier in the stream. Kaitai Struct (as of v0.9) is currently unable to parse these, but files employing this mechanism are relatively rare.
This page hosts a formal specification of Standard MIDI file using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for C# generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the C# runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The C# runtime library is available in the NuGet Gallery. Installation instructions can also be found there.
Parse a local file and get structure in memory:
var data = StandardMidiFile.FromFile("path/to/local/file.mid");
Or parse structure from a byte array:
byte[] someArray = new byte[] { ... };
var data = new StandardMidiFile(new KaitaiStream(someArray));
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by accessing properties like:
data.Hdr // => get hdr
// This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Kaitai
{
/// <summary>
/// Standard MIDI file, typically known just as "MID", is a standard way
/// to serialize series of MIDI events, which is a protocol used in many
/// music synthesizers to transfer music data: notes being played,
/// effects being applied, etc.
///
/// Internally, file consists of a header and series of tracks, every
/// track listing MIDI events with certain header designating time these
/// events are happening.
///
/// NOTE: Rarely, MIDI files employ certain stateful compression scheme
/// to avoid storing certain elements of further elements, instead
/// reusing them from events which happened earlier in the
/// stream. Kaitai Struct (as of v0.9) is currently unable to parse
/// these, but files employing this mechanism are relatively rare.
/// </summary>
public partial class StandardMidiFile : KaitaiStruct
{
public static StandardMidiFile FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new StandardMidiFile(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public StandardMidiFile(KaitaiStream p__io, KaitaiStruct p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root ?? this;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_hdr = new Header(m_io, this, m_root);
_tracks = new List<Track>();
for (var i = 0; i < Hdr.NumTracks; i++)
{
_tracks.Add(new Track(m_io, this, m_root));
}
}
public partial class TrackEvents : KaitaiStruct
{
public static TrackEvents FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new TrackEvents(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public TrackEvents(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.Track p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_event = new List<TrackEvent>();
{
var i = 0;
while (!m_io.IsEof) {
_event.Add(new TrackEvent(m_io, this, m_root));
i++;
}
}
}
private List<TrackEvent> _event;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.Track m_parent;
public List<TrackEvent> Event { get { return _event; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.Track M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class TrackEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static TrackEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new TrackEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public TrackEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvents p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
f_eventType = false;
f_channel = false;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_vTime = new VlqBase128Be(m_io);
_eventHeader = m_io.ReadU1();
if (EventHeader == 255) {
_metaEventBody = new MetaEventBody(m_io, this, m_root);
}
if (EventHeader == 240) {
_sysexBody = new SysexEventBody(m_io, this, m_root);
}
switch (EventType) {
case 224: {
_eventBody = new PitchBendEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
case 144: {
_eventBody = new NoteOnEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
case 208: {
_eventBody = new ChannelPressureEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
case 192: {
_eventBody = new ProgramChangeEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
case 160: {
_eventBody = new PolyphonicPressureEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
case 176: {
_eventBody = new ControllerEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
case 128: {
_eventBody = new NoteOffEvent(m_io, this, m_root);
break;
}
}
}
private bool f_eventType;
private int _eventType;
public int EventType
{
get
{
if (f_eventType)
return _eventType;
_eventType = (int) ((EventHeader & 240));
f_eventType = true;
return _eventType;
}
}
private bool f_channel;
private int? _channel;
public int? Channel
{
get
{
if (f_channel)
return _channel;
if (EventType != 240) {
_channel = (int) ((EventHeader & 15));
}
f_channel = true;
return _channel;
}
}
private VlqBase128Be _vTime;
private byte _eventHeader;
private MetaEventBody _metaEventBody;
private SysexEventBody _sysexBody;
private KaitaiStruct _eventBody;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvents m_parent;
public VlqBase128Be VTime { get { return _vTime; } }
public byte EventHeader { get { return _eventHeader; } }
public MetaEventBody MetaEventBody { get { return _metaEventBody; } }
public SysexEventBody SysexBody { get { return _sysexBody; } }
public KaitaiStruct EventBody { get { return _eventBody; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvents M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class PitchBendEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static PitchBendEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new PitchBendEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public PitchBendEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
f_bendValue = false;
f_adjBendValue = false;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_b1 = m_io.ReadU1();
_b2 = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private bool f_bendValue;
private int _bendValue;
public int BendValue
{
get
{
if (f_bendValue)
return _bendValue;
_bendValue = (int) ((((B2 << 7) + B1) - 16384));
f_bendValue = true;
return _bendValue;
}
}
private bool f_adjBendValue;
private int _adjBendValue;
public int AdjBendValue
{
get
{
if (f_adjBendValue)
return _adjBendValue;
_adjBendValue = (int) ((BendValue - 16384));
f_adjBendValue = true;
return _adjBendValue;
}
}
private byte _b1;
private byte _b2;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte B1 { get { return _b1; } }
public byte B2 { get { return _b2; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class ProgramChangeEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static ProgramChangeEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new ProgramChangeEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ProgramChangeEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_program = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private byte _program;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte Program { get { return _program; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class NoteOnEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static NoteOnEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new NoteOnEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public NoteOnEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_note = m_io.ReadU1();
_velocity = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private byte _note;
private byte _velocity;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte Note { get { return _note; } }
public byte Velocity { get { return _velocity; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class PolyphonicPressureEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static PolyphonicPressureEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new PolyphonicPressureEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public PolyphonicPressureEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_note = m_io.ReadU1();
_pressure = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private byte _note;
private byte _pressure;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte Note { get { return _note; } }
public byte Pressure { get { return _pressure; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class Track : KaitaiStruct
{
public static Track FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new Track(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Track(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_magic = m_io.ReadBytes(4);
if (!((KaitaiStream.ByteArrayCompare(Magic, new byte[] { 77, 84, 114, 107 }) == 0)))
{
throw new ValidationNotEqualError(new byte[] { 77, 84, 114, 107 }, Magic, M_Io, "/types/track/seq/0");
}
_lenEvents = m_io.ReadU4be();
__raw_events = m_io.ReadBytes(LenEvents);
var io___raw_events = new KaitaiStream(__raw_events);
_events = new TrackEvents(io___raw_events, this, m_root);
}
private byte[] _magic;
private uint _lenEvents;
private TrackEvents _events;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile m_parent;
private byte[] __raw_events;
public byte[] Magic { get { return _magic; } }
public uint LenEvents { get { return _lenEvents; } }
public TrackEvents Events { get { return _events; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
public byte[] M_RawEvents { get { return __raw_events; } }
}
public partial class MetaEventBody : KaitaiStruct
{
public static MetaEventBody FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new MetaEventBody(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public enum MetaTypeEnum
{
SequenceNumber = 0,
TextEvent = 1,
Copyright = 2,
SequenceTrackName = 3,
InstrumentName = 4,
LyricText = 5,
MarkerText = 6,
CuePoint = 7,
MidiChannelPrefixAssignment = 32,
EndOfTrack = 47,
Tempo = 81,
SmpteOffset = 84,
TimeSignature = 88,
KeySignature = 89,
SequencerSpecificEvent = 127,
}
public MetaEventBody(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_metaType = ((MetaTypeEnum) m_io.ReadU1());
_len = new VlqBase128Be(m_io);
_body = m_io.ReadBytes(Len.Value);
}
private MetaTypeEnum _metaType;
private VlqBase128Be _len;
private byte[] _body;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public MetaTypeEnum MetaType { get { return _metaType; } }
public VlqBase128Be Len { get { return _len; } }
public byte[] Body { get { return _body; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class ControllerEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static ControllerEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new ControllerEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ControllerEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_controller = m_io.ReadU1();
_value = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private byte _controller;
private byte _value;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte Controller { get { return _controller; } }
public byte Value { get { return _value; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class Header : KaitaiStruct
{
public static Header FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new Header(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Header(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_magic = m_io.ReadBytes(4);
if (!((KaitaiStream.ByteArrayCompare(Magic, new byte[] { 77, 84, 104, 100 }) == 0)))
{
throw new ValidationNotEqualError(new byte[] { 77, 84, 104, 100 }, Magic, M_Io, "/types/header/seq/0");
}
_lenHeader = m_io.ReadU4be();
_format = m_io.ReadU2be();
_numTracks = m_io.ReadU2be();
_division = m_io.ReadS2be();
}
private byte[] _magic;
private uint _lenHeader;
private ushort _format;
private ushort _numTracks;
private short _division;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile m_parent;
public byte[] Magic { get { return _magic; } }
public uint LenHeader { get { return _lenHeader; } }
public ushort Format { get { return _format; } }
public ushort NumTracks { get { return _numTracks; } }
public short Division { get { return _division; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class SysexEventBody : KaitaiStruct
{
public static SysexEventBody FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new SysexEventBody(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public SysexEventBody(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_len = new VlqBase128Be(m_io);
_data = m_io.ReadBytes(Len.Value);
}
private VlqBase128Be _len;
private byte[] _data;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public VlqBase128Be Len { get { return _len; } }
public byte[] Data { get { return _data; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class NoteOffEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static NoteOffEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new NoteOffEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public NoteOffEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_note = m_io.ReadU1();
_velocity = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private byte _note;
private byte _velocity;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte Note { get { return _note; } }
public byte Velocity { get { return _velocity; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
public partial class ChannelPressureEvent : KaitaiStruct
{
public static ChannelPressureEvent FromFile(string fileName)
{
return new ChannelPressureEvent(new KaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ChannelPressureEvent(KaitaiStream p__io, StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent p__parent = null, StandardMidiFile p__root = null) : base(p__io)
{
m_parent = p__parent;
m_root = p__root;
_read();
}
private void _read()
{
_pressure = m_io.ReadU1();
}
private byte _pressure;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent m_parent;
public byte Pressure { get { return _pressure; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public StandardMidiFile.TrackEvent M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
private Header _hdr;
private List<Track> _tracks;
private StandardMidiFile m_root;
private KaitaiStruct m_parent;
public Header Hdr { get { return _hdr; } }
public List<Track> Tracks { get { return _tracks; } }
public StandardMidiFile M_Root { get { return m_root; } }
public KaitaiStruct M_Parent { get { return m_parent; } }
}
}