The WAVE file format is a subset of Microsoft's RIFF specification for the storage of multimedia files. A RIFF file starts out with a file header followed by a sequence of data chunks. A WAVE file is often just a RIFF file with a single "WAVE" chunk which consists of two sub-chunks -- a "fmt " chunk specifying the data format and a "data" chunk containing the actual sample data, although other chunks exist and are used.
An extension of the file format is the Broadcast Wave Format (BWF) for radio broadcasts. Sample files can be found at:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/publications/saqas
This Kaitai implementation was written by John Byrd of Gigantic Software (jbyrd@giganticsoftware.com), and it is likely to contain bugs.
This page hosts a formal specification of Microsoft WAVE audio file using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
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<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">id</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">value</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>chunk_id</TD><TD>Kaitai::Struct::Stream::resolve_enum(Wav::FOURCC, chunk.id)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>>];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data [label=<<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">pos</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">size</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">type</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">id</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="chunk_data_pos">0</TD><TD PORT="chunk_data_size">...</TD><TD>switch (chunk_id)</TD><TD PORT="chunk_data_type">chunk_data</TD></TR>
</TABLE>>];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch [label=<<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#F0F2E4">case</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#F0F2E4">type</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_fact</TD><TD PORT="case0">FactChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_list</TD><TD PORT="case1">ListChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_fmt</TD><TD PORT="case2">FormatChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_afsp</TD><TD PORT="case3">AfspChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_bext</TD><TD PORT="case4">BextChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_cue</TD><TD PORT="case5">CueChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_ixml</TD><TD PORT="case6">IxmlChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_pmx</TD><TD PORT="case7">PmxChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_axml</TD><TD PORT="case8">AxmlChunkType</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>:fourcc_data</TD><TD PORT="case9">DataChunkType</TD></TR>
</TABLE>>];
}
subgraph cluster__bext_chunk_type {
label="Wav::BextChunkType";
graph[style=dotted];
bext_chunk_type__seq [label=<<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">pos</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">size</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">type</TD><TD BGCOLOR="#E0FFE0">id</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="description_pos">0</TD><TD PORT="description_size">256</TD><TD>str(ASCII)</TD><TD PORT="description_type">description</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="originator_pos">256</TD><TD PORT="originator_size">32</TD><TD>str(ASCII)</TD><TD PORT="originator_type">originator</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="originator_reference_pos">288</TD><TD PORT="originator_reference_size">32</TD><TD>str(ASCII)</TD><TD PORT="originator_reference_type">originator_reference</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="origination_date_pos">320</TD><TD PORT="origination_date_size">10</TD><TD>str(ASCII)</TD><TD PORT="origination_date_type">origination_date</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="origination_time_pos">330</TD><TD PORT="origination_time_size">8</TD><TD>str(ASCII)</TD><TD PORT="origination_time_type">origination_time</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="time_reference_low_pos">338</TD><TD PORT="time_reference_low_size">4</TD><TD>u4le</TD><TD PORT="time_reference_low_type">time_reference_low</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="time_reference_high_pos">342</TD><TD PORT="time_reference_high_size">4</TD><TD>u4le</TD><TD PORT="time_reference_high_type">time_reference_high</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="version_pos">346</TD><TD PORT="version_size">2</TD><TD>u2le</TD><TD PORT="version_type">version</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="umid_pos">348</TD><TD PORT="umid_size">64</TD><TD></TD><TD PORT="umid_type">umid</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="loudness_value_pos">412</TD><TD PORT="loudness_value_size">2</TD><TD>u2le</TD><TD PORT="loudness_value_type">loudness_value</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="loudness_range_pos">414</TD><TD PORT="loudness_range_size">2</TD><TD>u2le</TD><TD PORT="loudness_range_type">loudness_range</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="max_true_peak_level_pos">416</TD><TD PORT="max_true_peak_level_size">2</TD><TD>u2le</TD><TD PORT="max_true_peak_level_type">max_true_peak_level</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="max_momentary_loudness_pos">418</TD><TD PORT="max_momentary_loudness_size">2</TD><TD>u2le</TD><TD PORT="max_momentary_loudness_type">max_momentary_loudness</TD></TR>
<TR><TD PORT="max_short_term_loudness_pos">420</TD><TD PORT="max_short_term_loudness_size">2</TD><TD>u2le</TD><TD PORT="max_short_term_loudness_type">max_short_term_loudness</TD></TR>
</TABLE>>];
}
}
wav__seq:chunk_type -> chunk__seq [style=bold];
wav__inst__subchunks:subchunks_type -> chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
wav__inst__parent_chunk_data:parent_chunk_data_type -> parent_chunk_data__seq [style=bold];
wav__inst__is_riff_chunk:is_riff_chunk_type -> wav__inst__is_form_type_wave [color="#404040"];
wav__inst__form_type:form_type_type -> wav__inst__is_form_type_wave [color="#404040"];
wav__inst__chunk_id:chunk_id_type -> wav__inst__is_riff_chunk [color="#404040"];
chunk__seq:id_type -> wav__inst__chunk_id [color="#404040"];
parent_chunk_data__seq:form_type_type -> wav__inst__form_type [color="#404040"];
format_chunk_type__seq:channel_mask_and_subformat_type -> channel_mask_and_subformat_type__seq [style=bold];
format_chunk_type__seq:w_format_tag_type -> format_chunk_type__inst__is_extensible [color="#404040"];
format_chunk_type__seq:w_format_tag_type -> format_chunk_type__inst__is_basic_pcm [color="#404040"];
format_chunk_type__seq:w_format_tag_type -> format_chunk_type__inst__is_basic_float [color="#404040"];
format_chunk_type__inst__is_basic_pcm:is_basic_pcm_type -> format_chunk_type__inst__is_cb_size_meaningful [color="#404040"];
format_chunk_type__seq:cb_size_type -> format_chunk_type__inst__is_cb_size_meaningful [color="#404040"];
info_chunk_type__seq:chunk_type -> chunk__seq [style=bold];
channel_mask_and_subformat_type__seq:dw_channel_mask_type -> channel_mask_type__seq [style=bold];
channel_mask_and_subformat_type__seq:subformat_type -> guid_type__seq [style=bold];
cue_chunk_type__seq:cue_points_type -> cue_point_type__seq [style=bold];
cue_chunk_type__seq:dw_cue_points_type -> cue_chunk_type__seq:cue_points__repeat [color="#404040"];
list_chunk_type__seq:parent_chunk_data_type -> parent_chunk_data__seq [style=bold];
parent_chunk_data__seq:form_type_type -> list_chunk_type__inst__form_type [color="#404040"];
list_chunk_type__inst__subchunks:subchunks_type -> list_chunk_type__inst__subchunks_subchunks_switch [style=bold];
list_chunk_type__inst__subchunks_subchunks_switch:case0 -> info_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
list_chunk_type__inst__form_type:form_type_type -> list_chunk_type__inst__subchunks:subchunks_type [color="#404040"];
chunk_type__seq:chunk_type -> chunk__seq [style=bold];
chunk__seq:id_type -> chunk_type__inst__chunk_id [color="#404040"];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data:chunk_data_type -> chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case0 -> fact_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case1 -> list_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case2 -> format_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case3 -> afsp_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case4 -> bext_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case5 -> cue_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case6 -> ixml_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case7 -> pmx_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case8 -> axml_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_data_chunk_data_switch:case9 -> data_chunk_type__seq [style=bold];
chunk_type__inst__chunk_id:chunk_id_type -> chunk_type__inst__chunk_data:chunk_data_type [color="#404040"];
}