RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol): Ruby parsing library

The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a widely used network protocol for transmitting audio or video. It usually works with the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP). The transmission can be based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

This page hosts a formal specification of RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.

Usage

Runtime library

All parsing code for Ruby generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Ruby runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.

The Ruby runtime library can be installed from RubyGems:

gem install kaitai-struct

Code

Parse a local file and get structure in memory:

data = RtpPacket.from_file("path/to/local/file.bin")

Or parse structure from a string of bytes:

bytes = "\x00\x01\x02..."
data = RtpPacket.new(Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(bytes))

After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:

data.data # => Payload without padding.
data.len_padding_if_exists # => If padding bit is enabled, last byte of data contains number of
bytes appended to the payload as padding.

Ruby source code to parse RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)

rtp_packet.rb

# This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild

require 'kaitai/struct/struct'

unless Gem::Version.new(Kaitai::Struct::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('0.9')
  raise "Incompatible Kaitai Struct Ruby API: 0.9 or later is required, but you have #{Kaitai::Struct::VERSION}"
end


##
# The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a widely used network
# protocol for transmitting audio or video. It usually works with the
# RTP Control Protocol (RTCP). The transmission can be based on
# Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
class RtpPacket < Kaitai::Struct::Struct

  PAYLOAD_TYPE_ENUM = {
    0 => :payload_type_enum_pcmu,
    1 => :payload_type_enum_reserved1,
    2 => :payload_type_enum_reserved2,
    3 => :payload_type_enum_gsm,
    4 => :payload_type_enum_g723,
    5 => :payload_type_enum_dvi4_1,
    6 => :payload_type_enum_dvi4_2,
    7 => :payload_type_enum_lpc,
    8 => :payload_type_enum_pcma,
    9 => :payload_type_enum_g722,
    10 => :payload_type_enum_l16_1,
    11 => :payload_type_enum_l16_2,
    12 => :payload_type_enum_qcelp,
    13 => :payload_type_enum_cn,
    14 => :payload_type_enum_mpa,
    15 => :payload_type_enum_g728,
    16 => :payload_type_enum_dvi4_3,
    17 => :payload_type_enum_dvi4_4,
    18 => :payload_type_enum_g729,
    19 => :payload_type_enum_reserved19,
    20 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned20,
    21 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned21,
    22 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned22,
    23 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned23,
    24 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned24,
    25 => :payload_type_enum_celb,
    26 => :payload_type_enum_jpeg,
    27 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned27,
    28 => :payload_type_enum_nv,
    29 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned29,
    30 => :payload_type_enum_unassigned30,
    31 => :payload_type_enum_h261,
    32 => :payload_type_enum_mpv,
    33 => :payload_type_enum_mp2t,
    34 => :payload_type_enum_h263,
    96 => :payload_type_enum_mpeg_ps,
  }
  I__PAYLOAD_TYPE_ENUM = PAYLOAD_TYPE_ENUM.invert
  def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
    super(_io, _parent, _root)
    _read
  end

  def _read
    @version = @_io.read_bits_int_be(2)
    @has_padding = @_io.read_bits_int_be(1) != 0
    @has_extension = @_io.read_bits_int_be(1) != 0
    @csrc_count = @_io.read_bits_int_be(4)
    @marker = @_io.read_bits_int_be(1) != 0
    @payload_type = Kaitai::Struct::Stream::resolve_enum(PAYLOAD_TYPE_ENUM, @_io.read_bits_int_be(7))
    @_io.align_to_byte
    @sequence_number = @_io.read_u2be
    @timestamp = @_io.read_u4be
    @ssrc = @_io.read_u4be
    if has_extension
      @header_extension = HeaderExtention.new(@_io, self, @_root)
    end
    @data = @_io.read_bytes(((_io.size - _io.pos) - len_padding))
    @padding = @_io.read_bytes(len_padding)
    self
  end
  class HeaderExtention < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
    def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
      super(_io, _parent, _root)
      _read
    end

    def _read
      @id = @_io.read_u2be
      @length = @_io.read_u2be
      self
    end
    attr_reader :id
    attr_reader :length
  end

  ##
  # If padding bit is enabled, last byte of data contains number of
  # bytes appended to the payload as padding.
  def len_padding_if_exists
    return @len_padding_if_exists unless @len_padding_if_exists.nil?
    if has_padding
      _pos = @_io.pos
      @_io.seek((_io.size - 1))
      @len_padding_if_exists = @_io.read_u1
      @_io.seek(_pos)
    end
    @len_padding_if_exists
  end

  ##
  # Always returns number of padding bytes to in the payload.
  def len_padding
    return @len_padding unless @len_padding.nil?
    @len_padding = (has_padding ? len_padding_if_exists : 0)
    @len_padding
  end
  attr_reader :version
  attr_reader :has_padding
  attr_reader :has_extension
  attr_reader :csrc_count
  attr_reader :marker
  attr_reader :payload_type
  attr_reader :sequence_number
  attr_reader :timestamp
  attr_reader :ssrc
  attr_reader :header_extension

  ##
  # Payload without padding.
  attr_reader :data
  attr_reader :padding
end