.trx file format is widely used for distribution of firmware updates for Broadcom devices. The most well-known are ASUS routers.
Fundamentally, it includes a footer which acts as a safeguard against installing a firmware package on a wrong hardware model or version, and a header which list numerous partitions packaged inside a single .trx file.
trx files not necessarily contain all these headers.
This page hosts a formal specification of Broadcom devices .trx firmware packaging using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for Ruby generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Ruby runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The Ruby runtime library can be installed from RubyGems:
gem install kaitai-struct
Parse a local file and get structure in memory:
data = BroadcomTrx.from_file("path/to/local/file.trx")
Or parse structure from a string of bytes:
bytes = "\x00\x01\x02..."
data = BroadcomTrx.new(Kaitai::Struct::Stream.new(bytes))
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:
data.header # => get header
# This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
require 'kaitai/struct/struct'
unless Gem::Version.new(Kaitai::Struct::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('0.9')
raise "Incompatible Kaitai Struct Ruby API: 0.9 or later is required, but you have #{Kaitai::Struct::VERSION}"
end
##
# .trx file format is widely used for distribution of firmware
# updates for Broadcom devices. The most well-known are ASUS routers.
#
# Fundamentally, it includes a footer which acts as a safeguard
# against installing a firmware package on a wrong hardware model or
# version, and a header which list numerous partitions packaged inside
# a single .trx file.
#
# trx files not necessarily contain all these headers.
# @see https://github.com/openwrt/firmware-utils/blob/a2c80c5/src/trx.c Source
# @see https://web.archive.org/web/20190127154419/https://openwrt.org/docs/techref/header Source
# @see https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/partitions/brcm,trx.txt Source
class BroadcomTrx < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
self
end
class Revision < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
@major = @_io.read_u1
@minor = @_io.read_u1
self
end
attr_reader :major
attr_reader :minor
end
class Version < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
@major = @_io.read_u1
@minor = @_io.read_u1
@patch = @_io.read_u1
@tweak = @_io.read_u1
self
end
attr_reader :major
attr_reader :minor
attr_reader :patch
attr_reader :tweak
end
##
# A safeguard against installation of firmware to an incompatible device
class Tail < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
@version = Version.new(@_io, self, @_root)
@product_id = (Kaitai::Struct::Stream::bytes_terminate(@_io.read_bytes(12), 0, false)).force_encoding("utf-8")
@comp_hw = []
(4).times { |i|
@comp_hw << HwCompInfo.new(@_io, self, @_root)
}
@reserved = @_io.read_bytes(32)
self
end
class HwCompInfo < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
@min = Revision.new(@_io, self, @_root)
@max = Revision.new(@_io, self, @_root)
self
end
attr_reader :min
attr_reader :max
end
##
# 1.9.2.7 by default
attr_reader :version
attr_reader :product_id
##
# 0.02 - 2.99
attr_reader :comp_hw
attr_reader :reserved
end
class Header < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
@magic = @_io.read_bytes(4)
raise Kaitai::Struct::ValidationNotEqualError.new([72, 68, 82, 48].pack('C*'), magic, _io, "/types/header/seq/0") if not magic == [72, 68, 82, 48].pack('C*')
@len = @_io.read_u4le
@crc32 = @_io.read_u4le
@version = @_io.read_u2le
@flags = Flags.new(@_io, self, @_root)
@partitions = []
i = 0
begin
_ = Partition.new(@_io, self, @_root, i)
@partitions << _
i += 1
end until ((i >= 4) || (!(_.is_present)))
self
end
class Partition < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self, idx)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
@idx = idx
_read
end
def _read
@ofs_body = @_io.read_u4le
self
end
def is_present
return @is_present unless @is_present.nil?
@is_present = ofs_body != 0
@is_present
end
def is_last
return @is_last unless @is_last.nil?
if is_present
@is_last = ((idx == (_parent.partitions.length - 1)) || (!(_parent.partitions[(idx + 1)].is_present)))
end
@is_last
end
def len_body
return @len_body unless @len_body.nil?
if is_present
@len_body = (is_last ? (_root._io.size - ofs_body) : _parent.partitions[(idx + 1)].ofs_body)
end
@len_body
end
def body
return @body unless @body.nil?
if is_present
io = _root._io
_pos = io.pos
io.seek(ofs_body)
@body = io.read_bytes(len_body)
io.seek(_pos)
end
@body
end
attr_reader :ofs_body
attr_reader :idx
end
class Flags < Kaitai::Struct::Struct
def initialize(_io, _parent = nil, _root = self)
super(_io, _parent, _root)
_read
end
def _read
@flags = []
(16).times { |i|
@flags << @_io.read_bits_int_le(1) != 0
}
self
end
attr_reader :flags
end
attr_reader :magic
##
# Length of file including header
attr_reader :len
##
# CRC from `version` (??? todo: see the original and disambiguate) to end of file
attr_reader :crc32
attr_reader :version
attr_reader :flags
##
# Offsets of partitions from start of header
attr_reader :partitions
end
def header
return @header unless @header.nil?
_pos = @_io.pos
@_io.seek(0)
@header = Header.new(@_io, self, @_root)
@_io.seek(_pos)
@header
end
def tail
return @tail unless @tail.nil?
_pos = @_io.pos
@_io.seek((_io.size - 64))
@tail = Tail.new(@_io, self, @_root)
@_io.seek(_pos)
@tail
end
end