JPEG File Interchange Format, or JFIF, or, more colloquially known as just "JPEG" or "JPG", is a popular 2D bitmap image file format, offering lossy compression which works reasonably well with photographic images.
Format is organized as a container format, serving multiple "segments", each starting with a magic and a marker. JFIF standard dictates order and mandatory apperance of segments:
This page hosts a formal specification of JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) File Interchange Format using Kaitai Struct. This specification can be automatically translated into a variety of programming languages to get a parsing library.
All parsing code for Java generated by Kaitai Struct depends on the Java runtime library. You have to install it before you can parse data.
The Java runtime library is published in the Maven Central Repository. Refer to the artifact page for instructions how to add it into your project with the build tool that you use.
Parse a local file and get structure in memory:
Jpeg data = Jpeg.fromFile("path/to/local/file.jpg");
Or parse structure from a byte array:
byte[] someArray = new byte[] { ... };
Jpeg data = new Jpeg(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(someArray));
After that, one can get various attributes from the structure by invoking getter methods like:
data.segments() // => get segments
// This is a generated file! Please edit source .ksy file and use kaitai-struct-compiler to rebuild
import io.kaitai.struct.ByteBufferKaitaiStream;
import io.kaitai.struct.KaitaiStruct;
import io.kaitai.struct.KaitaiStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
/**
* JPEG File Interchange Format, or JFIF, or, more colloquially known
* as just "JPEG" or "JPG", is a popular 2D bitmap image file format,
* offering lossy compression which works reasonably well with
* photographic images.
*
* Format is organized as a container format, serving multiple
* "segments", each starting with a magic and a marker. JFIF standard
* dictates order and mandatory apperance of segments:
*
* * SOI
* * APP0 (with JFIF magic)
* * APP0 (with JFXX magic, optional)
* * everything else
* * SOS
* * JPEG-compressed stream
* * EOI
*/
public class Jpeg extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Jpeg fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Jpeg(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public enum ComponentId {
Y(1),
CB(2),
CR(3),
I(4),
Q(5);
private final long id;
ComponentId(long id) { this.id = id; }
public long id() { return id; }
private static final Map<Long, ComponentId> byId = new HashMap<Long, ComponentId>(5);
static {
for (ComponentId e : ComponentId.values())
byId.put(e.id(), e);
}
public static ComponentId byId(long id) { return byId.get(id); }
}
public Jpeg(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Jpeg(KaitaiStream _io, KaitaiStruct _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Jpeg(KaitaiStream _io, KaitaiStruct _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root == null ? this : _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.segments = new ArrayList<Segment>();
{
int i = 0;
while (!this._io.isEof()) {
this.segments.add(new Segment(this._io, this, _root));
i++;
}
}
}
public static class Segment extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Segment fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Segment(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public enum MarkerEnum {
TEM(1),
SOF0(192),
SOF1(193),
SOF2(194),
SOF3(195),
DHT(196),
SOF5(197),
SOF6(198),
SOF7(199),
SOI(216),
EOI(217),
SOS(218),
DQT(219),
DNL(220),
DRI(221),
DHP(222),
APP0(224),
APP1(225),
APP2(226),
APP3(227),
APP4(228),
APP5(229),
APP6(230),
APP7(231),
APP8(232),
APP9(233),
APP10(234),
APP11(235),
APP12(236),
APP13(237),
APP14(238),
APP15(239),
COM(254);
private final long id;
MarkerEnum(long id) { this.id = id; }
public long id() { return id; }
private static final Map<Long, MarkerEnum> byId = new HashMap<Long, MarkerEnum>(33);
static {
for (MarkerEnum e : MarkerEnum.values())
byId.put(e.id(), e);
}
public static MarkerEnum byId(long id) { return byId.get(id); }
}
public Segment(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Segment(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Segment(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.magic = this._io.readBytes(1);
if (!(Arrays.equals(magic(), new byte[] { -1 }))) {
throw new KaitaiStream.ValidationNotEqualError(new byte[] { -1 }, magic(), _io(), "/types/segment/seq/0");
}
this.marker = MarkerEnum.byId(this._io.readU1());
if ( ((marker() != MarkerEnum.SOI) && (marker() != MarkerEnum.EOI)) ) {
this.length = this._io.readU2be();
}
if ( ((marker() != MarkerEnum.SOI) && (marker() != MarkerEnum.EOI)) ) {
{
MarkerEnum on = marker();
if (on != null) {
switch (marker()) {
case APP1: {
this._raw_data = this._io.readBytes((length() - 2));
KaitaiStream _io__raw_data = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_data);
this.data = new SegmentApp1(_io__raw_data, this, _root);
break;
}
case APP0: {
this._raw_data = this._io.readBytes((length() - 2));
KaitaiStream _io__raw_data = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_data);
this.data = new SegmentApp0(_io__raw_data, this, _root);
break;
}
case SOF0: {
this._raw_data = this._io.readBytes((length() - 2));
KaitaiStream _io__raw_data = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_data);
this.data = new SegmentSof0(_io__raw_data, this, _root);
break;
}
case SOS: {
this._raw_data = this._io.readBytes((length() - 2));
KaitaiStream _io__raw_data = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_data);
this.data = new SegmentSos(_io__raw_data, this, _root);
break;
}
default: {
this.data = this._io.readBytes((length() - 2));
break;
}
}
} else {
this.data = this._io.readBytes((length() - 2));
}
}
}
if (marker() == MarkerEnum.SOS) {
this.imageData = this._io.readBytesFull();
}
}
private byte[] magic;
private MarkerEnum marker;
private Integer length;
private Object data;
private byte[] imageData;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg _parent;
private byte[] _raw_data;
public byte[] magic() { return magic; }
public MarkerEnum marker() { return marker; }
public Integer length() { return length; }
public Object data() { return data; }
public byte[] imageData() { return imageData; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg _parent() { return _parent; }
public byte[] _raw_data() { return _raw_data; }
}
public static class SegmentSos extends KaitaiStruct {
public static SegmentSos fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new SegmentSos(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public SegmentSos(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public SegmentSos(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public SegmentSos(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.numComponents = this._io.readU1();
this.components = new ArrayList<Component>();
for (int i = 0; i < numComponents(); i++) {
this.components.add(new Component(this._io, this, _root));
}
this.startSpectralSelection = this._io.readU1();
this.endSpectral = this._io.readU1();
this.apprBitPos = this._io.readU1();
}
public static class Component extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Component fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Component(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Component(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Component(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.SegmentSos _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Component(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.SegmentSos _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.id = Jpeg.ComponentId.byId(this._io.readU1());
this.huffmanTable = this._io.readU1();
}
private ComponentId id;
private int huffmanTable;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.SegmentSos _parent;
/**
* Scan component selector
*/
public ComponentId id() { return id; }
public int huffmanTable() { return huffmanTable; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.SegmentSos _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private int numComponents;
private ArrayList<Component> components;
private int startSpectralSelection;
private int endSpectral;
private int apprBitPos;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.Segment _parent;
/**
* Number of components in scan
*/
public int numComponents() { return numComponents; }
/**
* Scan components specification
*/
public ArrayList<Component> components() { return components; }
/**
* Start of spectral selection or predictor selection
*/
public int startSpectralSelection() { return startSpectralSelection; }
/**
* End of spectral selection
*/
public int endSpectral() { return endSpectral; }
/**
* Successive approximation bit position high + Successive approximation bit position low or point transform
*/
public int apprBitPos() { return apprBitPos; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.Segment _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class SegmentApp1 extends KaitaiStruct {
public static SegmentApp1 fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new SegmentApp1(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public SegmentApp1(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public SegmentApp1(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public SegmentApp1(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.magic = new String(this._io.readBytesTerm((byte) 0, false, true, true), Charset.forName("ASCII"));
switch (magic()) {
case "Exif": {
this.body = new ExifInJpeg(this._io, this, _root);
break;
}
}
}
private String magic;
private ExifInJpeg body;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.Segment _parent;
public String magic() { return magic; }
public ExifInJpeg body() { return body; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.Segment _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class SegmentSof0 extends KaitaiStruct {
public static SegmentSof0 fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new SegmentSof0(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public SegmentSof0(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public SegmentSof0(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public SegmentSof0(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.bitsPerSample = this._io.readU1();
this.imageHeight = this._io.readU2be();
this.imageWidth = this._io.readU2be();
this.numComponents = this._io.readU1();
this.components = new ArrayList<Component>();
for (int i = 0; i < numComponents(); i++) {
this.components.add(new Component(this._io, this, _root));
}
}
public static class Component extends KaitaiStruct {
public static Component fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new Component(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public Component(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public Component(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.SegmentSof0 _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public Component(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.SegmentSof0 _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.id = Jpeg.ComponentId.byId(this._io.readU1());
this.samplingFactors = this._io.readU1();
this.quantizationTableId = this._io.readU1();
}
private Integer samplingX;
public Integer samplingX() {
if (this.samplingX != null)
return this.samplingX;
int _tmp = (int) (((samplingFactors() & 240) >> 4));
this.samplingX = _tmp;
return this.samplingX;
}
private Integer samplingY;
public Integer samplingY() {
if (this.samplingY != null)
return this.samplingY;
int _tmp = (int) ((samplingFactors() & 15));
this.samplingY = _tmp;
return this.samplingY;
}
private ComponentId id;
private int samplingFactors;
private int quantizationTableId;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.SegmentSof0 _parent;
/**
* Component selector
*/
public ComponentId id() { return id; }
public int samplingFactors() { return samplingFactors; }
public int quantizationTableId() { return quantizationTableId; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.SegmentSof0 _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private int bitsPerSample;
private int imageHeight;
private int imageWidth;
private int numComponents;
private ArrayList<Component> components;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.Segment _parent;
public int bitsPerSample() { return bitsPerSample; }
public int imageHeight() { return imageHeight; }
public int imageWidth() { return imageWidth; }
public int numComponents() { return numComponents; }
public ArrayList<Component> components() { return components; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.Segment _parent() { return _parent; }
}
public static class ExifInJpeg extends KaitaiStruct {
public static ExifInJpeg fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new ExifInJpeg(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public ExifInJpeg(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public ExifInJpeg(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.SegmentApp1 _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public ExifInJpeg(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.SegmentApp1 _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.extraZero = this._io.readBytes(1);
if (!(Arrays.equals(extraZero(), new byte[] { 0 }))) {
throw new KaitaiStream.ValidationNotEqualError(new byte[] { 0 }, extraZero(), _io(), "/types/exif_in_jpeg/seq/0");
}
this._raw_data = this._io.readBytesFull();
KaitaiStream _io__raw_data = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(_raw_data);
this.data = new Exif(_io__raw_data);
}
private byte[] extraZero;
private Exif data;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.SegmentApp1 _parent;
private byte[] _raw_data;
public byte[] extraZero() { return extraZero; }
public Exif data() { return data; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.SegmentApp1 _parent() { return _parent; }
public byte[] _raw_data() { return _raw_data; }
}
public static class SegmentApp0 extends KaitaiStruct {
public static SegmentApp0 fromFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
return new SegmentApp0(new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(fileName));
}
public enum DensityUnit {
NO_UNITS(0),
PIXELS_PER_INCH(1),
PIXELS_PER_CM(2);
private final long id;
DensityUnit(long id) { this.id = id; }
public long id() { return id; }
private static final Map<Long, DensityUnit> byId = new HashMap<Long, DensityUnit>(3);
static {
for (DensityUnit e : DensityUnit.values())
byId.put(e.id(), e);
}
public static DensityUnit byId(long id) { return byId.get(id); }
}
public SegmentApp0(KaitaiStream _io) {
this(_io, null, null);
}
public SegmentApp0(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent) {
this(_io, _parent, null);
}
public SegmentApp0(KaitaiStream _io, Jpeg.Segment _parent, Jpeg _root) {
super(_io);
this._parent = _parent;
this._root = _root;
_read();
}
private void _read() {
this.magic = new String(this._io.readBytes(5), Charset.forName("ASCII"));
this.versionMajor = this._io.readU1();
this.versionMinor = this._io.readU1();
this.densityUnits = DensityUnit.byId(this._io.readU1());
this.densityX = this._io.readU2be();
this.densityY = this._io.readU2be();
this.thumbnailX = this._io.readU1();
this.thumbnailY = this._io.readU1();
this.thumbnail = this._io.readBytes(((thumbnailX() * thumbnailY()) * 3));
}
private String magic;
private int versionMajor;
private int versionMinor;
private DensityUnit densityUnits;
private int densityX;
private int densityY;
private int thumbnailX;
private int thumbnailY;
private byte[] thumbnail;
private Jpeg _root;
private Jpeg.Segment _parent;
public String magic() { return magic; }
public int versionMajor() { return versionMajor; }
public int versionMinor() { return versionMinor; }
public DensityUnit densityUnits() { return densityUnits; }
/**
* Horizontal pixel density. Must not be zero.
*/
public int densityX() { return densityX; }
/**
* Vertical pixel density. Must not be zero.
*/
public int densityY() { return densityY; }
/**
* Horizontal pixel count of the following embedded RGB thumbnail. May be zero.
*/
public int thumbnailX() { return thumbnailX; }
/**
* Vertical pixel count of the following embedded RGB thumbnail. May be zero.
*/
public int thumbnailY() { return thumbnailY; }
/**
* Uncompressed 24 bit RGB (8 bits per color channel) raster thumbnail data in the order R0, G0, B0, ... Rn, Gn, Bn
*/
public byte[] thumbnail() { return thumbnail; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public Jpeg.Segment _parent() { return _parent; }
}
private ArrayList<Segment> segments;
private Jpeg _root;
private KaitaiStruct _parent;
public ArrayList<Segment> segments() { return segments; }
public Jpeg _root() { return _root; }
public KaitaiStruct _parent() { return _parent; }
}